We measured the average deuterium cluster size within a mixture of deuterium clusters and helium gas by detecting Rayleigh scattering signals. The average cluster size from the gas mixture was comparable to that from a pure deuterium gas when the total backing pressure and temperature of the gas mixture were the same as those of the pure deuterium gas. According to these measurements, the average size of deuterium clusters depends on the total pressure and not the partial pressure of deuterium in the gas mixture. To characterize the cluster source size further, a Faraday cup was used to measure the average kinetic energy of the ions resulting from Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters upon irradiation by an intense ultrashort pulse. The deuterium ions indeed acquired a similar amount of energy from the mixture target, corroborating our measurements of the average cluster size. As the addition of helium atoms did not reduce the resulting ion kinetic energies, the reported results confirm the utility of using a known cluster source for beam-target-fusion experiments by introducing a secondary target gas.
Pseudodielectric functions 〈ε〉 of Cd1−xMgxTe ternary alloy films of compositions x=0.00, 0.23, 0.31, and 0.43 have been determined from 1.5 to 6.0 eV by spectroscopic ellipsometry. We obtain approximations to the bulk dielectric functions ε by performing wet-chemical etching to remove overlayers and using parametric modeling to remove interference oscillations below the fundamental band gap. The values of the E0, E0+Δ0, E1, E1+Δ1, E2, and E0′ critical point energies and their x dependences at room temperature were determined from numerically calculated second energy derivatives of these data.
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