Spotted pod borer is one of the major biotic constraint for pulses production which can cause damage to the economic plant parts such as flower buds, flowers and pods. The larvae feeds on 39 host species of legume crops. The seasonal incidence of spotted pod borer differed from crop to crop and season to season. However, the peak incidence of larvae was observed at flowering and pod development stage in different pulse crops. Female moths lays flat scaly eggs on floral buds, flowers, leaves, leaf axils, terminal shoots and tender pods. Larvae are translucent with dark brown spots on each segment and larval period lasted from 11 to 21 days and the duration of total life cycle varied from 27 to 36 days on different hosts. The efficacy of chemical insecticides belonging to different groups against spotted pod borer was well established on different pulse crops. Neem products such as neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) or neem oil and biocides like <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic> (Bt) showed different levels of efficacy on different crops.
The study consists of fifty-nine blackgram genotypes, which were evaluated for fourteen quantitative and qualitative traits. In order to determine the relationship and diversity among the blackgram genotypes taken for study. A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh state during Kharif, 2019. Principal component analysis for various yield-contributing traits was done to evaluate diversity and some quantitative and qualitative traits that had more effects on diversity. PCA results revealed that four of the five principal components had eigen values greater than one. The first five components obtained from principal component analysis (PC 1 to 5) accounted for about 76.73% of the total variation for fourteen quantitative and qualitative traits. Out of total principal components, PC 1, PC 2, PC 3, PC 4 and PC 5 were retained with values of 35.42%, 14.85%, 11.14%, 8.75% and 6.56%, respectively. The results of 2D and 3D scatter diagrams revealed LBG 904, LBG 752 and TU 94-2 genotypes to be the most diverse. Utilizing these diverse genotypes as parents in hybridization suggests obtaining desirable transgressive segregants towards the development of high yields with nutritional quality. The clustering of blackgram genotypes based on the yield and quality-attributing traits would be helpful in identifying the appropriate genotypes for effective utilisation in upcoming breeding programmes. The outcomes of principal component analysis revealed that wide genetic variability occurs between these blackgram genotypes and proposed their potential value in blackgram yield and quality improvement.
A study was conducted to know the influence of physical and biochemical parameters on development of the pulse bruchid in green gram at RARS, Lam during 2017-18. The physical parameters of seed viz., colour, shape, surface texture, seed length and width, seed coat hardness and 100 seed weight and biochemical parameters such as protein content, phenol content and total sugars were evaluated for twelve genotypes of greengram. The greengram genotypes with smooth texture, oblong or globose shape and light coloured seed might be less preferred by the pulse bruchid for egg laying. The data showed that genotypes having low sugar and protein contents and high phenol content were resistant to pulse bruchid. The correlation studies showed that biological parameters i.e., number of eggs, adult emergence and growth index had significant positive association with protein content, sugar content, moisture content and electrical conductivity and negative correlation phenol content, 100 seed weight and seed coat hardness. In contrast, mean development period had negative association with protein content, sugar content, electrical conductivity and moisture content and positive correlation with phenol content, 100 seed weight and seed coat hardness. Multiple linear regression studies revealed that all the physical and biochemical properties of seed together were contributing to a large and significant variation (65 to 87 %) in growth parameters of pulse bruchid.
Background: Foxtail millet is a short duration crop which is suitable for different cropping systems in rainfed farming. Improvement of yields is necessary to achieve profits in rainfed situation which is highly influenced by the high yielding varieties. Genotype by environment interaction (G×E) causes genotypes failure to keep high performance in all environments. Location specific climatic conditions also influence significantly genotype × environment (G×E) interaction, so with the result that identifying stable genotypes for rainfed situations is difficult. The study was conducted with a prime objective to identify stable high yielding foxtail millet genotypes for rainfed cultivation and to identify ideal mega-environments using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction stability model analysis. Methods: Four prerelease promising foxtail millet genotypes including three released popular check varieties were evaluated across six locations in Andhra Pradesh during Kharif, 2018 under rainfed situation. Result: The culture, SiA 3159 was found to be stable performer across the locations indicating that it is suitable for wide range of environments. In contrast the genotypes SiA 3085 and SiA 3156 showed narrow adaptation, specifically adapted to Anantapur (rainfed situation having scarce rainfall) and Vizianagaram (favorable environments with assured rainfall areas) respectively.
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