In this paper, effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, including hydrolysates of rice bran and wheat bran, on simultaneous production of α-amylase (for hydrolysis of starch in food systems) and polyhydroxyalkanoates
Spotted pod borer is one of the major biotic constraint for pulses production which can cause damage to the economic plant parts such as flower buds, flowers and pods. The larvae feeds on 39 host species of legume crops. The seasonal incidence of spotted pod borer differed from crop to crop and season to season. However, the peak incidence of larvae was observed at flowering and pod development stage in different pulse crops. Female moths lays flat scaly eggs on floral buds, flowers, leaves, leaf axils, terminal shoots and tender pods. Larvae are translucent with dark brown spots on each segment and larval period lasted from 11 to 21 days and the duration of total life cycle varied from 27 to 36 days on different hosts. The efficacy of chemical insecticides belonging to different groups against spotted pod borer was well established on different pulse crops. Neem products such as neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) or neem oil and biocides like <italic>Bacillus thuringiensis</italic> (Bt) showed different levels of efficacy on different crops.
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millspaugh) is a tropical grain legume mainly grown in India and ranks second in area and production and contribute about 90% in the world's pulse production. In India pigeonpea was grown in 3.96 mha with a production of 2.56 mt and productivity of 646 kg ha-1 , whereas, in Andhra Pradesh, India the area, production, productivity of pigeonpea was 0.22 mha, 0.13 mt and 600 kg ha-1 , respectively during 2015-16 (Anonymous, 2017). Though the area under redgram is increasing, the yields have remained stagnant (500-700 kg ha-1) for the past 3-4 decades, largely due to insect pest damage (Sharma and Pampapathy, 2004). More than 300 species of insect pests were reported infesting the crop (Lal and Singh, 1998) of which pod borers viz., gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera and spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata
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