FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM CALLUS cultures grown on B5 medium synthesize procyanidins B2 (0.6-1.8 mg/g dry wt) and B2-3'- O-gallate (3.5-6.0 mg/g dry wt). Sucrose is a better source than other carbohydrates and moderate concentrations (3-4%) stimulate both growth and procyanidin synthesis. While darkness was not a limiting factor, light induced faster growth and increased procyanidin contents. Treatment with gallic acid strongly stimulated the procyanidin B2-3'- O-gallate production, but drastically inhibited growth, leading to a two-step-culture experiment combining convenient growth and increased galloylated dimer synthesis (up to 45 mg/g dry wt).
Tissue cultures of buckwheat, selected for their anthocyanin content (red in color), were grown in vitro on supplemented Gamborg's medium. Optimal growth was obtained with 2 mg/liter 2,4-D and 30 g/liter sucrose, over a 20-day culture period in light or a 30-day period in darkness; the mass production was similar in both cases (80 mg dry wt per callus). Flavonoids and anthocyanins were mainly synthesized under light, with a correlation between amount produced and growth. Synthesis of catechins and procyanidins was less dependent on light conditions. The flavonoids, isoquercitrin, rutin, and hyperin, existed a low levels regardless of culture age. Levels of quercetin-3-rhamnogalactoside were higher, with an optimum reached on the 16th day (according to their low flavonoid synthesis capacity). Buckwheat tissue cultures are characterized by good catechin and procyanidin production.
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