The article presents the results of the prospective study of 266 patients with dirofilariasis who received medical and diagnostic assistance in Rostov Scientific Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology in Rostov-on-Don, Russia from 2000 to 2016. We have assessed the features of the dynamics of epidemiology of this infection in several territories of the Russian Federation, depending on the social structure of patients. Immature females of dirofilaria were found most commonly in humans (82.9 ± 2.6%), the proportion of maturity females and adult males of worms respectively was 10.5 ± 2.1% and 0.9 ± 0.6%. All mature worms were localized inside a capsule. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was detected only in patients with the migration of helminths (19 of 116 persons – 16.4%). Blood samples of patients examined by the method of concentration in 3% acetic acid for detection of microfilariae, showed negative result in all patients.Our data are consistent with the opinion of KI Skriabin about that human as «dual facultative host» for dirofiliaria. It is rare that parasite in human body is able to develop to the imago stage (according to our observations – 11.4%). The immune response to invasion by dirofiliaria in human is manifested as dense connective tissue which forms a capsule. According to our study the rare cases (22) of detection the sexual mature D. repens (10.4%) were localized inside the capsule. Observations of patients with D. repens infection allowed concluding that human for this helminth is «a biological deadend».
Background: Avian influenza (AI) infected and spread to 97 Local Government Areas affecting 25 of the 36 States of Nigeria. Virulent form of Newcastle disease has assumed endemic status in Nigeria. The study was conducted to detect the prevalence of H5 and H7 AI viruses and virulent strains of ND virus in poultry and wild birds in Bauchi and Gombe States, Nigerian.Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting and testing cloacal swabs and blood of 910 apparently healthy domestic and 90 wild birds in randomly selected households and farms. Poultry species, captive and free flying wild birds were sampled in the study. All sera tested for the presence of H7 AI antibodies using (ELISA) and (HI) tests were negative.Results: Of the 500 sera tested from each state for AI H5 antibodies using (HI) and (ELISA) tests, 30 and 28 were positive in Bauchi and Gombe States respectively with a higher (16) detection rate by (HI). Thus AI H5 seroprevalence of 4.6% for both states and 3.2% and 4.9% for Bauchi and Gombe states respectively were obtained.The assessment of ND status showed seroprevalence of 36% in Bauchi State and 47% in Gombe State with an overall seroprevalence of 38.5% in both states. The highest specific prevalence of ND were 61.5% in Bauchi north and 57.6% in Gombe north. Chickens held the highest seroprevalence of AI H5 (3.2%) followed by turkeys (0.6%), guinea fowls (0.2%) and pigeons 0.2%. poultry in live bird markets had a 1.6% specific seroprevalence, 3.0% was obtained for commercial poultry and 2% for free ranging poultry. Molecular detection of NDV using PCR gave an overall prevalence of 17% with the prevalence of 8.5% in poultry and wild birds respectively. Local chickens held 10% of the total ND prevalence Conclusion: Avian influenza H5 and ND antibodies and viruses were detected at significant levels in apparently healthy domestic and wild birds. Strategies for effective AI and ND control measures should therefore incorporate AI and ND routine and sustainable surveillance in domestic and wild birds held in households, commercial farms and LBMs.http://dx.
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