Clinical and laboratory features of human dirofilariasis in Russia

Ermakova, L.; Nagorny, Sergey Andreevich; Pshenichnaya, N.; Ambalov, Y M; Boltachiev, Kerim

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2017.07.006

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained in another study in the Rostov region of Russia, involving 266 dirofilariasis patients, where the proportion of mature female and adult male worms were found to be 10.5% and 0.9%, respectively [6]. Thus, the obtained data supported the view that Dirofilaria could develop and attain a mature stage in a human host [5,37].…”

Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Human Dirofilariasis Casessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the absence of complete official data, only information from various sources (mainly publications in Russian and through PubMed, as well as from the reports of health treatment facilities) were analyzed in our review. A total of 1200 cases caused by D. repens were registered in the territory of the ex-USSR during the period 1915-2016 [1,[4][5][6][7][8]. The dynamics of D. repens incidence during this period is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Dirofilariasis In the Ex-ussrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All age groups were affected, with some peak of prevalence among 30-39 and 50-59-year-olds. The average age of infected persons was shown to be 38 years; the youngest case was in a 3-year-old and the oldest was more than 70 years old [6,9,12]. There was no difference in regard to the rates of infected women and men.…”

Section: Age-wise and Sex-wise Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the period 1960-1996, the northern border area of the occurrence of indigenous cases did not cross the line of 53 • -54 • on the northern latitude. The bulk of the cases in the territory of the Russian Federation were registered in the Krasnodar region, and in the cities of Astrahan, Volgograd, and Saratov [6]. A series of sporadic indigenous cases were reported in other cities and territories of Russia-Khabarovsk [15], Nishni Novgorod [16], Tula [17], Amursk [18], Magnitogorsk [19], Volgograd [20], Ulyanovsk [21], Novosibirsk [22], Tiumen [23], Barnaul [24], Vladivostok [25], and Rostov [26].…”

Section: Geographical Confinement Of Human Dirofilariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetically determined, the female becomes very active in searching for a mature male for mating [36]. Finding encapsulated females [6] might indicate that they have attained sexual maturity, but without becoming gravid in the absence of a male, they lose their activity and enter a "sleeping" stage. The organism of a human, by using its immunological preventive factors, manages to encapsulate parasites, irrespective of their localization [6].…”

Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Human Dirofilariasis Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthology of Dirofilariasis in Russia (1915–2017)

et al. 2020

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Dirofilariasis is a helminths vector-borne disease caused by two species of Dirofolaria—D. repens and D. immitis. The former is overwhelmingly associated with human dirofilariasis. The vector of the worm are mosquitoes of the family Culicidae (largely Culex, Aedes and Anopheles). The definitive hosts of Dirofilaria are dogs and to a lesser extent cats. Humans are an accidental host. A total of 1200 human cases caused by Dirofilaria were registered in the territory of the ex-USSR during the period 1915–2016. Zonal differences have been seen in the prevalence of infected dogs and mosquitoes. Studies undertaken in the southern part of the Russian Federation (RF) revealed the prevalence of Dirofilaria in dogs to be 20.8% with wild variations of larva density. Studies carried out in the central part of the RF found that the prevalence of parasites in dogs was 4.1%. Aedes mosquitoes were infected less than Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes. The latter were infected by D. repens more often than Culex and Aedes. Zonal differences were also traced in regard to Dirofilaria prevalence in humans, thus allowing identification of three zones of risk of infection (low, moderate, and stable), reflected in a series of constructed maps. Although Dirofilariasis was known on the territory of Russia from 1915, only sporadic cases of the disease were reported occasionally. Its number was showed an increasing trend only during the 1980s–1990s, reaching the level of hundreds of cases. The majority of cases were confined to the southern parts of Russia with geographic coordinates of 43°–45° on the northern latitude. Comparison of the timing of the global trend of climate warming during the 1990s with the temporal pattern of Dirofilaria on the territory of Russia during the same period demonstrated a close association between two phenomena. With the continuous process of global climate warming, the incidence of dirofilariasis both in man and dogs goes unabated exemplified by the territorial expansion of the disease northwards and eastwards attaining the latitude of 56°–57° on the northern latitude in the European and Asian parts of Russia. It appears that within the period of the last 20–25 years, the population at risk has doubled. Under these circumstances, dirofilariases in Russia should be considered as an emerging public health problem necessitating the establishment of a comprehensive epidemiological monitoring system with strong entomological and veterinary components. Based on the results obtained, an appropriate control intervention could be developed.

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Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Human Dirofilariasis Casessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Epidemiology Of Dirofilariasis In the Ex-ussrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age-wise and Sex-wise Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Confinement Of Human Dirofilariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Human Dirofilariasis Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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