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The objective of the study was to assess the associations of dyslipidaemia, combined oral contraceptive (COC) use and their interaction on the risk of hypertension in Chinese women. In a case-control study, we evaluated 665 hypertensive women and 665 normotensive women matched on region and age in China. Hypertensive women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia and higher levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoprotein a than normotensive ones (Po0.05). The risk of hypertension gradually increased with the increasing cumulative time of COC use in women (P ¼ 0.0043), especially significantly increased among those with cumulative time of COC use15-20 and X20 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-2.15; OR ¼ 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06-2.11), but gradually decreased from stopping use of COC (Po0.0001). The multiplicative interaction between dyslipidaemia and accumulative time of COC use X15 years, dyslipidaemia and family history of hypertension, or family history of hypertension and accumulative time of COC use X15 years was confirmed and the interaction analyses showed that they can significantly increased the risk of hypertension (adjusted OR ¼ 2.82, 95% CI: 1.59-3.27; OR ¼ 4.33, 95% CI: 3.10-6.06; OR ¼ 4.56, 95% CI: 3.07-6.77). It is concluded that dyslipidaemia, accumulative time of COC use X15 years and their interaction increased the risk of hypertension.

Birth weight (BW) has effects on blood pressure (BP). In order to explore the effects of macrosomia on BP in childhood and in adolescence, a longitudinal cohort study was conducted in Wuxi, China. Subjects with BW ≥4000 g, born in 1993-1995, were the exposed group; the unexposed comparisons were matched by year of birth and sex of infant, with BW of 2500-4000 g. Follow-ups in 2005-6 and 2011-12 were conducted, and height, weight and BP were measured by trained doctors. Multi-mixed models in SAS were used to control for repeated measures to explore the effects of fetal macrosomia on BP. At the inception of the cohort, 1595 pairs of participants were recruited. At the end, 1112 in the exposed group and 1126 in the unexposed group finished both follow-ups. Among adolescents, mean (s.d.) of systolic BP (SBP) was 110.83 (9.43)  mm  Hg, which was statistically significantly higher than that in the unexposed group (mean ± s.d.: 109.33 ± 9.26)  mm  Hg (P=0.0002). After adjusting the repeated measures and birth year, sex, mother's occupation and delivery age, adding weight during pregnancy, hypertension during delivery, gestational age and parity, being a picky eater in childhood, the macrosomia group had higher SBP than the normal BW group; the parameter estimate value was 1.03 (s.e.=0.30). When BMI in childhood and BMI in adolescence were added in the multi-model, the estimated β was 0.71 (s.e.=0.29). No statistically significant effect of macrosomia was found on diastolic BP among adolescents in the multianalysis.

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