A solution‐dipping template strategy for large‐area synthesis of morphology‐controlled, ordered pore arrays is reported. The morphology of the pore array can easily be controlled by concentration of the precursor solution and treatment conditions. With decrease of the concentration from a high level to a very low level nanostructured complex (pore–hole, and pore–particle) arrays, through‐pore arrays, and even ring arrays can, in turn, be obtained. The pore size is adjustable over a large range by changing the diameter of the template's latex spheres. This synthesis route is universal and can be used for various metals, semiconductors and compounds on any substrate. Such structures may be useful in applications such as energy storage or conversion, especially in integrated next‐generation nanophotonics devices, and biomolecular labeling and identification.

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Ordered nanostructure of single-crystalline GaN nanowires in a honeycomb structure of anodic alumina was synthesized through a gas reaction of Ga 2 O vapor with a constant ammonia atmosphere at 1273 K in the presence of nano-sized metallic indium catalysis. Atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the ordered nanostructure consists of single-crystalline hexagonal wurtzite GaN nanowires in the uniform pores of anodic alumina about 20 nm in diameter and 40-50 m in length. The growth mechanism of the ordered nanostructure is discussed. The photoluminescence spectrum of this nanostructure is also reported.

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Nanophase compacts synthesised by different methods are comparatively studied by means of x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy and fractography. Experimental results reveal that the synthesis method has a strong influence on the microstructure of the resulting material. Although the same master alloy is used for the inert gas condensation (IGC) and severe plastic deformation (SPD), the microstructure of the pellet produced by SPD different from that of the IGC produced compact. The IGC+SPD compact, however, has a similar microstructure as that of the SPD compact. The local melting of the compacts at lower temperatures has been found, and is independent of the method used to synthesise the pellets.

Excellent magnetic properties of permanent magnets can be achieved by designing proper microstructure. In this work, we prepared (La-Nd-Dy)-Fe-Co-B single-layer and multilayers with different structures and found that the coercivity obtained for single-layer is 1.45 T and the optimum value for the coercivity of multilayer films increases to 1.95 T by inserting the metal Ta space layers. The enhancement of the coercivity in multilayer films originates from decoupling between Nd-Fe-B grains inserted by Ta space layers, less nucleation centers and the long-ranged magnetostatic interactions among different 2:14:1-type grains. Combining the micromagnetic analysis of the temperature dependence of coercivity and the magnetic domain evolutionary process at room temperature, the nucleation mechanism is confirmed as the dominant. This work is helpful for understanding the effect of microstructure on magnetic properties and the coercivity mechanism of high abundant rare earth permanent magnetic films.

Background Endoscopic surveillance remains the gold standard for evaluating postoperative recurrence in Crohn’ disease (CD). However, the optimal timing of the first postoperative endoscopic evaluation is unclear. The commonly used strategy, first endoscopy at 3, 6, or 12 months, demonstrates high rates of endoscopic recurrence, which means this strategy may delay the detection and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical value and safety of the endoscopy at 1 month after surgery, and define the related factors. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of CD patients undergoing an ileocolic resection between 2015 and 2018, with a postoperative colonoscopy at 4–5 week after surgery. The primary outcome was endoscopic recurrence at 12 months, or clinical recurrence, or surgical recurrence within 12 months after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify related factors. Results Eighty-four eligible CD patients were included. Among 84 colonoscopies at 4–5 week, no endoscopic complication occurred. The main endoscopic findings at the first evaluation were anastomotic ulcers (45 [10 circumferential ulcers and 35 scattered ulcers], 53.6%), ulcers in the neoterminal ileum (16, 19.0%), oedema in anastomosis (50, 59.5%), mild narrowing in anastomosis (7, 8.3%), and mild narrowing in neoterminal ileum (3, 3.6%). On univariate and multivariable analysis, anastomotic scattered ulcers were associated with forward postoperative recurrence (HR, 2.532; 95% CI, 1.019–6.318; p = 0.046). We then used the modified Rutgeerts score to define endoscopic findings: i0, 26(44.0%); i1, 4(4.8%); i2a (circumferential anastomotic ulcers were not included), 40(34.5%); i2b, 11(13.1%); i3, 0; i4, 3(7.1%). Univariate and multivariable analysis showed ≥i2a were associated with forward postoperative recurrence (HR, 3.174; 95% CI, 1.218–8.273; p = 0.018). No factor was associated with ≥i2a at the first endoscopy. Conclusion Endoscopic evaluation at 4–5 weeks after surgery in CD was safe, and endoscopic findings were associated with postoperative recurrence. Earlier endoscopic examination after surgery may be useful for the adjustment of medication.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare three nutritional screening tools with the new GLIM criteria for malnutrition among definitive and elective surgery Crohn’s patients in China. Methods Nutritional screening tools, including the nutritional screening tool for IBD (NS-IBD), the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) were applied to 212 patients with definitive and elective surgery Crohn’s patients in China. We compared the diagnostic values of these tools for malnutrition, using the new GLIM criteria for malnutrition as the ‘gold standards’. Results According to the new GLIM criteria for malnutrition, 81(61.79%) of the patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. With the use of NRS-2002, 140(66.10%)of the patients were found to be at high risk of malnutrition; with the use of NS-IBD, 181(85.30% )of the patients were found to be at moderate/high risk of malnutrition; and according to PNI, 94(44.0%)of the patients were found to be at moderate/high nutritional risk. The comparison of each nutritional risk tool showed sensitivity of 83.26%,85.74%,79.83%, and specificity was 62.91%,54.62%,57.34% for NRS-2002, NS-IBD and PNI, respectively. NS-IBD was best correlated with the ESPEN diagnostic criteria (К=0.388, p<0.001) compared with PNI (К=0.208, p=0.007) and NRS-2002 (К=0.744, p<0.032).The receiver operating characteristic curve of PNI had the highest area under the curve (AUC) compared with NRS 2002 and NS-IBD. Conclusion In the future, the combined application of GLIM criteria and two nutritional screening tools can better reflect the nutritional status for definitive and elective surgery Crohn’s patients.