The huge amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has aroused global concern with its importance of environmental performance for resources reutilization being recognized. The incomplete collection management system is required to be improved for a more environmental and orderly recycling way. Based on the public survey, field research and information search on the Internet, we present the existing framework and problems of WEEE collection in China, according to which four innovative WEEE collection modes are put forward: (i) Unified collection channels mode; (ii) Manufacturer alliance mode; (iii) Innovative enterprise self-built network platform mode; and (iv) Third-party integrated network platform mode. The characteristics, merits and deficiencies of the four modes are compared and analyzed, combined with which, we match the four modes with regions of different economic levels and Internet application. Third-party integrated network platform integrating online and offline resources is expected to be generalized under rapid development of information technology and e-commerce in China. The purpose of our research is to explore appropriate innovative WEEE collection modes and give suggestions for countries or economies whose WEEE collection situation or system are similar with China. Besides, government support and laws implementation are emphasized in mode promotion.
Considering the opening up of carbon emission trading market, this article investigates the government's role in allocating the appropriate emission quota to maximize social members' (including enterprises and customers) utilities and analyzes how the emission-dependent enterprise improves revenues of both itself and the whole system through supply chain collaboration. Within this, a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one emission-dependent manufacturer and one retailer is discussed. Taking revenue-sharing contract into account and combining practical situations with Stackelberg game method, decision-makings of traditional supply chain (T-SC) without carbon emission limits and carbon-emissionconsidering supply chain (C-SC) are examined, respectively, along with the determination of the optimal range of revenue-sharing ratio. Furthermore, government's policy making in distributing the optimal emission quota is studied as well as supply chain members' efforts on fulfilling the revenue-sharing contract to accomplish Pareto improvements of social members' utilities. It is proved that profits of both manufacturer and retailer increase with the growth of the emission quota, proper governmental regulations not only help to achieve balance among social members but also improve overall utilities, and a reasonable revenue-sharing contract is essential to raise supply chain members' profits even under low-carbon conditions.
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