The construction of completely biocompatible
and biodegradable
tumor suppressors by a simple and reliable method is essential for
the clinical application of cancer-targeted drugs. Herein, by inserting
glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT), and chlorin e6 (Ce6) into human
serum albumin (HSA) assembly molecules, we constructed a cancer-targeted
cascade bioreactor for synergistic starvation and photodynamic therapy
(PDT). The modification of HSA could block the GOx activity and reduce
the cytotoxicity of normal cells and organs. Through active targeting
and passive enhanced permeability and retention effect, the loading
of AS1411 could promote the cascade bioreactors to effectively target
nucleolin-overexpressed tumors. Once internalized by cancer cells,
as a result of catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce oxygen (O2), the protein nano-cascade reactor
promoted microenvironmental oxygenation, which would subsequently
lead to an increase in cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) production under light irradiation as well as the decomposition
of intracellular glucose. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that
the cascaded nanoreactors could significantly enhance therapeutic
efficacy through synergistic starvation therapy and enhanced PDT as
well as chemotherapy. This cascade strategy will be demonstrated in
clinical applications with huge potential.
Nanotechnology provides more developments and challenges
for cancer
immunotherapy. Nanomaterial-mediated synergistic therapy, immunosuppressive
adjustment of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and nanovaccine construction
can promote cancer immunotherapy. Here, based on the biodegradable
hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) tumor-targeted drug delivery
platform, we have developed a TME-responsive nanovaccine for synergistic
cancer therapy. The nanoplatform significantly enhanced photodynamic
therapy (PDT)-mediated immune response by improving the hypoxic tumor
microenvironment and on-demand drug release. At the same time, it
was supplemented with gene therapy and chemotherapy to achieve significant in vivo combined therapy benefits. Taking full advantage
of the high reactivity to the hydrogen peroxide and weak acidity of
the TME, H-MnO2 loaded with chemotherapy drug doxorubicin
(DOX) and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) not only provided the required
oxygen for photodynamic therapy but also reduced the side effects
of chemotherapy drugs on normal tissues. Moreover, the coating of
nucleic acid on H-MnO2 solved the problem of biocompatibility
of nanoparticles and ensured that they could be swallowed by cancer
cells. The results revealed that through the controlled release of
targeted drugs and combined therapy, the synergistic nanovaccine significantly
inhibited tumor growth in mice, which is expected to achieve the treatment
of primary tumors.
A self-assembly strategy was presented in this work for the synthesis of vanadium tetrasulfide nanospheres (VS4) embedded into nitrogen-doped biomass-derived porous carbon materials (abbreviated as VS4@N-BPC) utilizing birch bark as...
In recent years, pollution incidents caused by red tide occur frequently, and the red tide biotoxins brought by it make the food safety problem of seafood become a difficult problem to be solved urgently, which has caused great damage to the mariculture industry. Red tide toxin is also known as “shellfish toxin”. Saxitoxin (STX), is one of the strongest paralytic shellfish toxins and is also one of the most toxic marine toxins, which is extremely harmful. Aiming at the problems existing in the current research on the detection of red tide biotoxin in complex water bodies, this research developed an aptamer sensor based on hybrid chain reaction and a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to detect the toxins of the clam and analyzed the feasibility of this method for the detection of the toxins of the clam. The results showed that the linear range of this method is 5.0 fM to 50 pM, and the detection limit is 1.2 fM. Meanwhile, the recovery rate of this sensor for the detection of toxins is 102.4–104.1% when applied in shellfish extract, which shows significant specificity and the reliability of this detection method.
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