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UHF (ultra high frequency) method has been widely used in PD (partial discharge) detection for its high sensitivity. The resonance, distortion, and attenuation appearing in the propagation process of UHF signals in GIS (gas insulated switchgear) will influence the real situation of PD detection. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of GIS components such as disconnectors or high voltage conductors on the propagation characteristics of PD-induced UHF signals in various voltage classes GIS. The factors of PD signals propagation characteristics in axial and radial directions are both analysed to avoid the effect caused by placement of sensor in this paper. First, the simulation models of GIS are built based on FDTD (finite difference time domain) method. Then the propagation characteristics of PD-induced UHF signals are studied in the GIS with different disconnector gap lengths and different high voltage conductor radii. Finally, the reliability of the simulation results is verified by compared with laboratory tests. The disconnector gap and the change of conductor radii can both result in the signals attenuation which rises highest in the direction of 180°. The lower the GIS class voltage is, the larger the attenuation of signals after passing through disconnector gap is.

Sn‐based composites are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and suitable operation voltages. However, they suffer the huge volume change and unstable electrolyte/electrode interface during sodiation/desodiation, which causes structure collapse and serious capacity loss. In the past few years, great efforts have been made to ameliorate the performances of Sn by rationally designing electrode structures/components or optimizing electrolyte composition. Here, the underlying sodium‐storage reactions in Sn are summarized based on the results from theoretical calculations and advanced characterizations. Then, the recent progresses of Sn‐based composites, i.e., Sn‐based alloys, Sn/C composites, and Sn oxides/sulfides, with various structures for SIBs are discussed in details. After that, how the electrolyte affects solid‐electrolyte interphase and the electrochemical performances is shown. Finally, the future directions for the applications of Sn‐based composites in SIBs are suggested. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive scenario about the applications of Sn‐based composites in SIBs. It will benefit the future development of alloy‐type anodes in SIBs.

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