People across the world have been greatly affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional antenatal care. Online antenatal care would be a preferable alternative for these women since it can provide pregnancy-related information and remote clinic consultations. In addition, online antenatal care may help to provide relatively economical medical services and diminish health care inequality due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness, especially in developing countries or regions. However, some pregnant women will doubt the reliability of such online information. Therefore, it is important to ensure the quality and safety of online services and establish a stable, mutual trust between the pregnant women, the obstetric care providers and the technology vis-a-vis the online programs. Here, we report how the COVID-19 pandemic brings not only opportunities for the development and popularization of online antenatal care programs but also challenges.
Concerns about environmental safety have led to strict regulations on the discharge of final brewery effluents into water bodies. Brewery wastewater contains huge amounts of organic compounds that can cause environmental pollution. The microalgae wastewater treatment method is an emerging environmentally friendly biotechnological process. Microalgae grow well in nutrient-rich wastewater by absorbing organic nutrients and converting them into useful biomass. The harvested biomass can be used as animal feed, biofertilizer, and an alternative energy source for biodiesel production. This review discusses conventional and current brewery wastewater treatment methods, and the application and potential of microalgae in brewery wastewater treatment. The study also discusses the benefits as well as challenges associated with microalgae brewery and other industrial wastewater treatments.
Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can trigger asthma exacerbations in children. Different studies have linked increased asthma symptoms and even deaths in children with SHS, but the risk has not been quantified uniformly across studies. We aimed to investigate the role of SHS exposure as a risk factor of asthma among children. Methods We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from June 1975 to 10 March 2020. We included cohort, case‐control, and cross‐sectional studies reporting odds ratio (OR) or relative risk estimates and confidence intervals of all types of SHS exposure and childhood asthma. Results Of the 26 970 studies identified, we included 93 eligible studies (42 cross‐sectional, 41 cohort, and 10 case‐control) in the meta‐analysis. There were significantly positive associations between SHS exposure and doctor‐diagnosed asthma (OR = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20‐1.28), wheezing (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.23‐1.32) and asthma‐like syndrome (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.34‐1.64). The funnel plots of all three outcomes skewed to the right, indicating that the studies generally favor a positive association of the disease with tobacco exposure. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that younger children tended to suffer more from developing doctor‐diagnosed asthma, but older children (adolescents) suffered more from wheezing. There was no evidence of significant publication or small study bias using Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusion The results show a positive association between prenatal and postnatal secondhand smoking exposure and the occurrence of childhood asthma, asthma‐like syndrome, and wheezing. These results lend support to continued efforts to reduce childhood exposure to secondhand smoke.
The apparent digestibility coe⁄cients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus, gross energy and amino acids of 10 selected ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia (7.05 AE 0.09 g) were determined using 0.5% Cr 2 O 3 as an inert indicator. The feed ingredients tested in this study were corn gluten meal (CGM), corn byproduct, corn germ meal (CG), soybean meal (SBM), fermented soybean meal (FSM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate, malt sprouts (MS), ¢sh meal (FM) and earthworm meal (EM). The test diets were prepared by incorporation of 30% test ingredients into the reference diet. Reference and test diets were fed to the ¢sh and the faecal samples were collected using a faecal collection column attached to the ¢sh-rearing tanks. The ADCs for dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, phosphorus and gross energy were 41.7^98.9%, 90.6^99.6%, 73.1^98.8%, 34.1^98.6%, 49.5^99.6% and 45.4^99.7% respectively. Soy protein isolate, FM and EM had higher dry matter, crude protein and gross energy ADCs. Corn byproduct and EM had higher crude lipid ADCs, and CG and EM had higher phosphorus ADCs. Corn germ meal had the highest ash ADC, while CGM had the highest value for gross energy. The lowest dry matter, crude protein, lipid and gross energy ADCs occurred in MS, while the lowest ash and phosphorus ADCs occurred in SPC. The amino acid ADCs ranged from 83.3% to 100%, exhibiting a positive correlation with crude protein digestibility for a given test ingredient. The feed ingredient digestibility of this study may provide useful information about nutrient and energy utilization to facilitate formulation of least-cost practical diets for hybrid tilapia. Ã Mineral premix (values are in g kg À 1 mineral premix): MgSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, 25.3; ZnSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, 21.5; KI, 0.20; FeSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, 73.9; CuSO 4 Á 5H 2 O, 6.3; MnSO 4 Á H 2 O, 14.8; CoCl 2 , 0.2; Na 2 SeO 3 , 0.7 and NaCl, 0.4. wVitamin premix (values are in g kg À 1 vitamin premix): retinoic acid, 50.0; vitamin D 3 , 0.025; allrac-a-tocopherol, 40.0; vitamin K 3 , 5.0; thiamin, 5.0; ribo£avin, 2.5; pyridoxine, 5.0; cyanocobalamin, 0.025; pantothenic acid, 25.0; nicotinamide, 60.0; biotin, 0.5; folic acid, 2.5 and inositol, 200.0; asorbic acid, 25.0.Aquaculture Research, 2010 Hybrid tilapia apparent digestibility X-H Dong et al.
To unravel the source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction and the pattern of its spreading and evolution in the United Arab Emirates, we conducted meta-transcriptome sequencing of 1067 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected between May 9th and Jun 29th, 2020 during the first peak of the local COVID-19 epidemic. We identified global clade distribution and eleven novel genetic variants that were almost absent in the rest of the world and that defined five subclades specific to the UAE viral population. Cross-settlement human-to-human transmission was related to the local business activity. Perhaps surprisingly, at least 5% of the population were co-infected by SARS-CoV-2 of multiple clades within the same host. We also discovered an enrichment of cytosine-to-uracil mutation among the viral population collected from the nasopharynx, that is different from the adenosine-to-inosine change previously reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and a previously unidentified upregulation of APOBEC4 expression in nasopharynx among infected patients, indicating the innate immune host response mediated by ADAR and APOBEC gene families could be tissue-specific. The genomic epidemiological and molecular biological knowledge reported here provides new insights for the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission and points out future direction on host–pathogen interaction investigation.
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