Background Reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) have associated this lesion to treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs) and dental procedures. In this study, we investigated the association of specific dental diagnoses and procedures with ONJ among patients with past BP use. Methods Dentists from three Practice-Based Research Networks provided ONJ cases and controls (1:3). Data gathered from patients and dental offices with two respective standard questionnaires included demographic, medical, pharmaceutical, and dental information. Diagnoses and procedures up to three years prior to ONJ (prior to interview for controls) were analyzed within risk strata, defined by BP use and cancer status, using interaction terms within conditional logistic regression models. Results We enrolled 191 ONJ cases and 573 controls from 119 dental offices. Among participants who had used only oral BP, extraction was the only dental risk factor for ONJ (OR=12, p=0.01). Suppuration was also more prevalent in cases (18%) than in controls (9%), but not statistically significant (OR=9, p=0.06). Among participants who had not used either oral or IV BP (a majority of whom received RT to the head and neck), suppuration was the only dental risk factor for ONJ (prevalence=34% for cases and 8% for controls; OR=7, p=0.01). The prevalence of extractions in this group was also higher, but not statistically significant (44% vs 10%; OR=3). Limited power precludes definitive findings among participants exposed to IV BP. Conclusions Among patients taking oral BP, extraction was the only dental procedure associated with subsequent ONJ development. Clinical Relevance Results of this study suggest that routine dental procedures are not associated with development of ONJ in patients exposed to BPs.

In recent years, the development and research of flexible sensors have gradually deepened, and the performance of wearable, flexible devices for monitoring body temperature has also improved. For the human body, body temperature changes reflect much information about human health, and abnormal body temperature changes usually indicate poor health. Although body temperature is independent of the environment, the body surface temperature is easily affected by the surrounding environment, bringing challenges to body temperature monitoring equipment. To achieve real-time and sensitive detection of various parts temperature of the human body, researchers have developed many different types of high-sensitivity flexible temperature sensors, perfecting the function of electronic skin, and also proposed many practical applications. This article reviews the current research status of highly sensitive patterned flexible temperature sensors used to monitor body temperature changes. First, commonly used substrates and active materials for flexible temperature sensors have been summarized. Second, patterned fabricating methods and processes of flexible temperature sensors are introduced. Then, flexible temperature sensing performance are comprehensively discussed, including temperature measurement range, sensitivity, response time, temperature resolution. Finally, the application of flexible temperature sensors based on highly delicate patterning are demonstrated, and the future challenges of flexible temperature sensors have prospected.

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