Supplemented 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 raised 25(OH)D and 25(OH)DBio but was unable to correct deficiency in 25% of Chinese participants, which might be partially attributed to the effect of genetic modification. More studies are needed to elucidate appropriate vitamin D recommendations for Asians and the potential clinical implications of 25(OH)DBio.

Daily supplementation with 2000 IU cholecalciferol for 20 wk may promote bone formation in Chinese adults with vitamin D deficiency. More studies are needed to elucidate the potential clinical implications of BTMs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01998763.

China is facing challenges in both undernutrition and overnutrition, resulting from unhealthy diets. Nutrition education early in life, especially in school settings, has been reported to be effective in addressing these challenges. However, little is known about how nutrition education is delivered in schools in China. This study aimed to investigate the current status of delivering nutrition education by health teachers in Shanghai and to determine the barriers and resources that influence the teachers' practices and their willingness to teach nutrition. In 2016-2017, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 904 health teachers from 823 K-12 schools in Shanghai, China. There were 722 (79.9%) teachers that had the experience of teaching nutrition, but only 137 (19.0% of 722) spent ≥1 h teaching nutrition courses in each school year. Only 18.6% of the teachers had received a formal education in nutrition in college. About 88.5% of teachers expressed their willingness to teach nutrition in the future. The three major reasons for never teaching nutrition were categorized as: nutrition being taught by other teachers (39.5%), willing to teach but lack of knowledge (37.9%), and the subject not being required by school administrators (31.3%). Teachers who spent more time or were more willing to teach nutrition courses were those who were female, from private schools, had a better background in receiving nutrition education, and were more concerned about nutrition. Our data show that nutrition education is at a formative stage in Shanghai, China.

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) at stage IB has its own prognostic characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the clinical factors that may affect the prognosis of patients with stage IB ADC. Methods The data of ADC cases were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010–2016) and patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2015–2016). Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain the overall survival (OS). Factors that significantly related to the prognosis were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis (UVA, MVA) using the Cox model. A nomogram was developed and validated to predict the 3-year OSs of those patients. Results 7,605 patients with stage IB ADC were included ultimately and were divided into two groups, a training cohort (n=5,324) and a test cohort (n=2,281). Besides, there was a validation cohort (n=272) for the verification of the nomogram model. Those with significantly older age, male, the white race, lower grades of tumor differentiation, larger tumor size (31–40 mm) without pleural layer (PL) invasion as well as receiving sublobectomy suffered from poorer survival (P<0.001), which were identified as independent factors for stage IB ADC (P<0.001), and according to which, a nomogram model was created. Conclusions Age, sex, race, histological grade, surgery to the primary site, and tumor size combined with PL invasion were independent risk factors for stage IB ADC, based on which a nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis.

Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major contributor to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There remains no effective pharmacological therapy. The hepatic lipid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation are regulated by Perilipin5 (Plin5). However, it is yet unknown how Plin5 affects NASH and the molecular process. Methods High-fat, high-cholesterol and high-fructose (HFHC) diets were used to mimic the progression of NASH in wild type (WT) mice and Plin5 knockout (Plin5 KO) mice. The degree of ferroptosis was measured by detecting the expression of key genes of ferroptosis and the level of lipid peroxide. The degree of NASH was judged by observing the morphology of the liver, detecting the expression of inflammation and fibrosis related genes of liver damage. Plin5 was overexpressed in the liver of mice by tail vein injection of adenovirus, and the process of NASH was simulated by methionine choline deficiency (MCD) diet. The occurrence of ferroptosis and NASH was detected by the same detection method. Targeted lipidomics sequencing was used to detect the difference in free fatty acid expression in the WT Plin5 KO group. Finally, it was verified in cell experiments to further study the effect of free fatty acids on ferroptosis of hepatocytes. Results In various NASH models, hepatic Plin5 was dramatically reduced. Plin5 knockout (KO) worsened NASH-associated characteristics in mice given a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, such as lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. It has been shown that ferroptosis is involved in NASH progression. We revealed that Plin5 KO in mice aggravated the degree of ferroptosis in NASH models. Conversely, overexpression of Plin5 significantly alleviated ferroptosis and further ameliorated progression of MCD-induced NASH. Analysis of livers obtained from HFHC diet-fed mice by targeted lipidomics revealed that 11-Dodecenoic acid was significantly decreased in Plin5 KO mice. Addition of 11-Dodecenoia acid to Plin5 knockdown hepatocytes effectively prevented ferroptosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that Plin5 protects against NASH progression by increasing 11-Dodecenoic acid level and further inhibiting ferroptosis, suggesting that Plin5 has therapeutic potential as a target for the management of NASH.