Depending on the requirements of specific applications, implanted materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers have been used in various disciplines of medicine. Titanium and its alloys as implant materials play a critical role in the orthopedic and dental procedures. However, they still require the utilization of surface modification technologies to not only achieve the robust osteointegration but also to increase the antibacterial properties, which can avoid the implant-related infections. This article aims to provide a summary of the latest advances in surface modification techniques, of titanium and its alloys, specifically in biomedical applications. These surface techniques include plasma spray, physical vapor deposition, sol-gel, micro-arc oxidation, etc. Moreover, the microstructure evolution is comprehensively discussed, which is followed by enhanced mechanical properties, osseointegration, antibacterial properties, and clinical outcomes. Future researches should focus on the combination of multiple methods or improving the structure and composition of the composite coating to further enhance the coating performance.

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γ-Mo2N and δ-MoN are the two most important molybdenum nitrides, but controllable preparation of them with high surface area has not been achieved. Herein, we achieved selective preparation of γ-Mo2N and δ-MoN. The key factor for the selective preparation of γ-Mo2N and δ-MoN is to control the crystal phase of the precursor MoO3. In H2O and NH3 mixed gas, the α-MoO3 nanoribbons are nitridated to obtain γ-Mo2N single-crystal porous nanobelts, while the h-MoO3 prisms are nitrided to obtain δ-MoN hierarchical porous columns. The corrosion effect of H2O plays a key role in the formation of single-crystal porous structure. The γ-Mo2N flexible membrane composed of the single-crystal porous nanobelts exhibits strong localized surface plasmon resonance and surface enhanced Raman scattering effect, which show highly sensitive response to polychlorinated phenol.

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