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Iodine prophylaxis is effective in controlling ID in areas of poor vitamin A status. VA supplements are effective in treating VAD in areas of mild ID and have an additional benefit-through suppression of the pituitary TSHbeta gene, VAS can decrease excess TSH stimulation of the thyroid and thereby reduce the risk of goiter and its sequelae.

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This is the first controlled study to clearly demonstrate that iodine repletion in school-age children increases IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations and improves somatic growth.

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Original Research: Effects of rising food prices on household food security on femaleheaded households 2016;29(2) S Afr J Clin Nutr 6 Increased food insecurity and malnutrition may result, with tragic implications in the short and longterm, particularly for children, the aged, and other vulnerable members of society. In certain cases, the most adversely affected are the chronically urban and rural poor, the landless and femaleheaded households. 7 The ability of poor households to meet other important non-food expenses, such as education and health care, are limited by rising food prices. 8In Limpopo province, femaleheaded households spend an average of 53% of their total household income on food. 9 This confirms that poorer households, which are usually food insecure, spend a large fraction of their income on food. 9 The headline Consumer Price Index annual inflation rate in January 2013 was 5.4%. This rate was 0.3 of AbstractBackground: Rising food prices can have a devastating effect on the health of poor households by making it more difficult for them to afford basic food baskets. Although South Africa is food secure as a nation, it does not mean that every household is able to access nutritionally adequate food.

BackgroundAnaemia due to iron deficiency is recognized as one of the major nutritional deficiencies in women and children in developing countries. Daily iron supplementation for pregnant women is recommended in many countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that contribute to compliance to the consumption of iron and folate supplements by pregnant woman in Mafikeng local municipality, North West Province, South Africa.Research MethodsA mixed method of descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional design was used. Ten clinics were used as a sample frame where 57 pregnant women and 10 health workers were purposefully and conveniently selected. Quantitative techniques were used to collect data on attendance, consumption and nutrition knowledge using the self-reported questionnaire by pregnant women, and structured interview for health workers. Qualitative design was used to conduct in - depth focus-group discussions to gather information on compliance to the consumption of supplements by pregnant women.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed good antenatal clinic attendance, availability of supplements and 93% compliance to the consumption of iron and folate supplements.RecommendationsHigh compliance to the consumption of iron and folate supplements by pregnant women was reported, and this should be reinforced.