Chelating strategy and electron shuttle armed nanoagent for killing cancer cells at both an acidic and neutral pH with high CDT efficiency.

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ILs with reversible construction of ionic networks, which mainly consist of cooperative hydrogen bonds (CHBs) were designed for sigmoidal ammonia (NH3) absorption isotherm, which leads to efficient absorption, energy-saving desorption, and high reversibility. Combined with NH3 absorption–desorption experiments, spectroscopic investigations, NH3–TPD measurement, and quantum-chemical calculations, NH3 absorption mechanism was proposed as the hydrogen bond interaction with IL by overcoming the heat for disorganizing ionic networks, including CHBs breakage and the phase change of IL from solid to liquid. Reversely, the NH3 desorption would be promoted by the heat release for the reformation of ionic networks. Thereinto, [BzAm]­[Tf2N] with ionic networks showed NH3 absorption with threshold pressure at 0.28 bar and NH3 capacity of 2.8 mol NH3/mol IL at 1 bar as well as be desorpted completely just through pressure swing, calorimetric test indicated the exothermic reformation of ionic networks provided 31.8% of energy for NH3 desorption from [BzAm]­[Tf2N]. Furthermore, the ammonia capacity as well as the threshold pressure would be changed by varying the CHBs interaction in IL, that [2PyH]­[Tf2N] with weaker interaction of CHBs indicating decreased threshold pressure at 0.04 bar and enhanced NH3 capacity of 3.8 mol NH3/mol IL at 1 bar. We believe this highly efficient and reversible process by reversible construction of absorbents can provide a potential alternative for NH3 as well as other gas absorption.

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The use of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) in practical wastewater treatment demands further design on the pore structure, otherwise their adsorption capacities toward heavy-metal ions were moderate. Here, we report a rational design approach, which produces hybrid molecular pores in conjugated microporous poly­(aniline)­s (CMPAs) for mercury removal. It is achieved through a delicate interval introduction of linkers with differential molecular lengths during polymerization, acquiring both diffusion channels and storage pores for radical enhancement of mass transfer and adsorption storage. The resulting CMPA-M featured a large adsorption capacity of 975 mg g–1 and rapid kinetics that could remove 94.8% of 50 mg g–1 of mercury­(II) within a very short contact time of 48 s, with a promising initial adsorption rate h as high as 113 mg g–1 min–1, which was 2.54-fold larger in the adsorption capacity and 45.2-fold faster in the adsorption efficiency compared with the undeveloped CMPAs. More importantly, our CMPA-M-2, with robust stability and easy reusability, was able to scavenge over 99.9% of mercury­(II) from the actual wastewater in a harsh condition with a very low pH of 0.77, extremely high salinity of 53,157 mg L–1, and complex impurities, featuring exceptional selectivity that allows us to extract and recycle a high purity of 99.1% of mercury from the wastewater. These outcomes demonstrate the unprecedented potential of CMPs for environmental remediation and real-world mercury extraction and present benchmarks for CMP-based mercury adsorbents.

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A coupling method of field-amplified sample injection (FASI) CE with amperometric detection is developed for ultratrace analysis of ephedrine alkaloids stereoisomers. FASI was introduced by injecting electrokinetically the sample solution for 10 s into the capillary filled with highly conductive background electrolyte (BGE). The diastereomeric selectivity and the detection sensitivity were improved by using borate buffer of high ionic strength as BGE. Parameters affecting FASI and CE separation were investigated to achieve the optimal conditions. Four analytes were separated within 15 min using 200 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 9.5) and separation voltage of +18 kV, with detection potential at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and carbon disc electrode as working electrode. Excellent linearity was observed between peak current and concentration of analytes in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL. The LODs (S/N = 3) for (-)-ephedrine, (+)-pseudoephedrine, (-)-N-methylephedrine and (+)-N-methylpseudoephedrine were 39.3, 54.9, 30.8, and 44.1 pg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of alkaloids in Ephedra sinica, with results agreed well with HPLC method. Mean recoveries of 102.1-109.7% and RSDs less than 6% were found. And the merits of high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as a simple and stable operation, have been demonstrated.