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ABSTRACT. Heat stress produces oxidative stress and affects the alternation of plasma K + and Na + . Since Na + ,K + -ATPase is sensitive to oxidative stress and critical for maintaining the homeostasis of these two ions, we examined the genetic polymorphism of the ATP1A1 gene in 160 Holstein cows using polymerase chain reaction low ionic strength single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. G to A at position -14103 in exon 14 and C to T at position -14242 in intron 14 of the bovine ATP1A1 gene were identified, but the former single nucleotide polymorphism was silent with respect to the amino acid sequence of the protein. However, we found significant correlations between ATP1A1 gene polymorphism and the coefficient of heat tolerance (P < 0.01) and with respiratory rate (P < 0.01). Genotype AC was the most favorable genotype for heat tolerance. This polymorphism site has potential as a genetic marker for heat tolerance traits in dairy cattle breeding.

With the progress of epidemic containment, the Chinese government has relaxed its regulatory policies on street vending, hoping to help people who have lost their livelihoods and to assist in the restoration of social and economic order. In response, Chinese people poured into the stall economy, especially individual peddlers, with great expectations for street vending. Street vending has become a hot topic on Chinese social network sites (SNSs). Based on the push-pull-mooring framework, SNS information overload theory was introduced and combined with the actual situations of street vending in China, and a structural equation model was established to study factors affecting individual Chinese peddlers' intention to engage in street vending and the effects of SNS information overload on these factors. Results revealed that perceived policy benefits, subjective norms, and switching cost perceptions of individual peddlers were positive factors affecting their intention to engage in street vending. SNS information overload positively affected individual peddlers' dissatisfaction with their original business model, anxieties over their livings, perception of policy benefits, and subjective norms but negatively affected individual peddlers’ perception of switching costs.

On-line learning or "relevance feedback" techniques for multimedia information retrieval have been explored from many different points of view: from early heuristic-based feature weighting schemes to recently proposed optimal learning algorithms, probabilistic/Bayesian learning algorithms, boosting techniques, discriminant-EM algorithm, support vector machine, and other kernel-based learning machines. Based on a careful examination of the problem and a detailed analysis of the existing solutions, we propose several discriminating transforms as the learning machine during the user interaction. We argue that relevance feedback problem is best represented as a biased classification problem, or a (1+x)-class classification problem. Biased Discriminant Transform (BDT) is shown to outperform all the others. A kernel form is proposed to capture non-linearity in the class distributions.

A flexible TWDM PON system is proposed which allows pay-as-you-grow in capacity, supports load balancing among different ODNs, and achieves significant power saving at OLT. Integrated OLT transceiver in enhanced CFP module and low-cost tunable ONU transceiver in SFP+ module are developed, for the first time, for cost effective deployment of TWDM PONs. System experiments demonstrate error free performance with 36 dB power budget in a flexible TWDM PON test bed.

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