IMPORTANCE Radiation retinopathy following plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma can lead to vision loss that might be avoided with prophylactic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.OBJECTIVE To determine visual outcome following prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab in patients with plaque-irradiated uveal melanoma.

SB is superior in terms of final VA and occurrence of post-operative cataract in uncomplicated phakic RRDs. PPV is more likely to achieve a favorable final re-attachment in pseudophakic/aphakic RRDs.

For the first time it has been demonstrated that PEDF can decrease mitochondria-derived ROS generation and subsequently downregulate VEGF expression, possibly through inhibiting HG-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation, which may offer a promising strategy for halting the development of complications of diabetes.

BackgroundPancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) is a pancreatic secretory protein belongs to the group VII of C-type lectin family. Emerging evidence suggests that PAP plays a protective effect in inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we newly identified a 16-amino-acid peptide (named PAPep) derived from C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of human PAP with potent anti-inflammatory activity using both in vivo and in vitro assays.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of PAPep on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and demonstrated that intravitreal pretreatment of PAPep concentration-dependently attenuated clinical manifestation of EIU rats, reduced protein leakage and cell infiltration into the aqueous humor (AqH), suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 production in ocular tissues, and improved histopathologic manifestation of EIU. Furthermore, PAPep suppressed the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, inhibited protein expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as U937 cells adhesion to HUVECs. Western blot analysis in ocular tissues and different cell lines revealed that the possible mechanism for this anti-inflammatory effect of PAPep may depend on its ability to inhibit the activation of NF-kB signaling pathway.Conclusions/SignificanceOur studies provide the first evidence that the sequence of PAPep is within the critically active region for the anti-inflammatory function of PAP and the peptide may be a promising candidate for the management of ocular inflammatory diseases.

a b s t r a c tEndotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is an animal model of acute ocular inflammation for the study of human endogenous anterior uveitis. The mechanisms accounting for the development of ocular inflammation remain hazy. MicroRNAs (mi-RNAs) have been proposed as novel regulators of inflammation. It remains unclear whether a microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism is involved in LPS-induced EIU. In this study, we report that miR-93 expression in the eyes of EIU rats and LPSstimulated macrophages is significantly decreased. We also show that miR-93 inhibits NF-jB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines by targeting IRAK4 expression. We further demonstrate that miR-93 inhibits IRAK4 expression by binding directly to the 3 0 -UTR of IRAK4. Our findings suggest that miR-93 is a negative regulator of the immune response in EIU.

Purpose: To evaluate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Methods: Review of records and SD-OCT images of vitreoretinal lymphoma evaluated at Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital between July 1, 2000, and April 1, 2019. Results: There were 55 eyes of 32 patients included. At presentation, SD-OCT features included vitreous opacities (n = 36, 65%), preretinal deposits (n = 7, 13%), intraretinal deposits (n = 8, 15%), subretinal deposits (n = 20, 36%), retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities (n = 35, 64%), and subretinal pigment epithelium deposits (n = 35, 64%). Of 36 eyes with observed tumor progression, comparison (initial visit vs. time of progression) revealed more intraretinal deposits (17% vs. 50%, P = 0.005) at progression. Of 15 eyes with tumor recurrence, comparison (initial visit vs. time of recurrence) revealed more intraretinal deposits (7% vs. 47%, P = 0.04) at recurrence. At last visit, 39 eyes demonstrated tumor regression. By comparison (initial presentation vs. regression), there were less frequent vitreous opacities (67% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), intraretinal deposits (15% vs. 0%, P = 0.03), subretinal deposits (36% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), and subretinal pigment epithelium deposits (69% vs. 21%, P < 0.001) at regression. Conclusion: Using SD-OCT in patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma, local tumor regression correlated with a reduction in vitreous opacities, intraretinal deposits, subretinal deposits, and subretinal pigment epithelium deposits. SD-OCT is useful in judging vitreoretinal lymphoma response to therapy.

BackgroundUveitis is a potentially sight-threatening form of ocular inflammation that affects the uvea in the wall of the eye. Currently available treatments for uveitis have exhibited profound adverse side effects. However, KS23 is a novel 23-amino-acid anti-inflammatory peptide derived from adiponectin that may have the capability to function as a safe alternative to these existing treatment options. We, therefore, evaluated the preventive effect of KS23 in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).MethodsEAU was induced in mice via immunization with the peptide interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 161–180 (IRBP161–180). KS23 was then administered every 2 days via intraperitoneal injection to induce protection against EAU. Clinical and histopathological scores were employed to evaluate the disease progression. Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified using ELISA, and the expression levels of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors were assessed via qRT-PCR. In addition, the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells were detected via flow cytometry, and the expression levels of specific proteins were quantified from the retina of mice using western blot analysis, to elucidate the specific mechanism of action employed by KS23 to suppress the inflammation associated with EAU.ResultsKS23 was found to significantly improve EAU-associated histopathological scores, while decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A), chemokines (LARC, RANTES, MIG, IP-10), and chemokine receptors (CCR6 and CXCR3). The proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells were also suppressed following intraperitoneal injection with KS23. The anti-inflammatory mechanism employed by KS23 was determined to be associated with the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB.ConclusionsKS23 decreased the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells to effectively ameliorate the progression of EAU. It may, therefore, serve as a promising potential therapeutic agent for uveitis.

Fault diagnosis for turnouts is crucial to the safety of railways. Existing studies on fault diagnosis depend on human experiences to select reference curves and require fault type information beforehand. Therefore, we proposed a turnout fault diagnosis method, named similarity function and fuzzy c-means based two-stage algorithm to detect faults and identify fault types in real time. First, the reference curve is selected from current curves representing turnout actions by K-means algorithm; then, a similarity function called Fréchet distance is used to distinguish normal and abnormal curves. Second, an improved fuzzy c-means algorithm is employed to cluster curves automatically. To be more specific, it can double-confirm the normal curves recognized in the first step as well as divide the abnormal curves into different types. Furthermore, possible causes for each fault type are inferred according to their curves. Our approach integrates fault detection and fault classification into one model and would better help the diagnosis of turnouts. The analysis results based on the similarity function and fuzzy c-means based two-stage algorithm algorithm indicate that the analyzed turnout fault types can be diagnosed automatically with high accuracy. Furthermore, since the proposed similarity function and fuzzy c-means algorithm does not need to know fault types in advance, it is applicable in identifying new fault types.