Nonspecific targeting, large doses and phototoxicity severely hamper the clinical effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 mesoporous silica nanoparticles grafted by pH-responsive block polymer polyethylene glycol- b -poly(aspartic acid) (PEG- b -PAsp) were fabricated to load the model photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) in the aim of enhancing the efficiency of PDT. Compared to free RB, the nanocomposites (polyethylene glycol- b -polyaspartate-modified rose bengal-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica [RB−MMSNs]) could greatly enhance the cellular uptake due to their effective endocytosis by mouse melanoma B16 cell and exhibited higher induced apoptosis although with little dark toxicity. RB−MMSNs had little dark toxicity and even much could be facilitated by magnetic field in vitro. RB−MMSNs demonstrated 10 times induced apoptosis efficiency than that of free RB at the same RB concentration, both by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) result and apoptosis detection. Furthermore, RB−MMSNs-mediated PDT in vivo on tumor-bearing mice showed steady physical targeting of RB−MMSNs to the tumor site; tumor volumes were significantly reduced in the magnetic field with green light irradiation. More importantly, the survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with RB−MMSNs was much prolonged. Henceforth, polyethylene glycol- b -polyaspartate-modified magnetic mesoporous silica (MMSNs) probably have great potential in clinical cancer photodynamic treatment because of their effective and low-toxic performance as photosensitizers’ vesicles.
In this study, a highly effective transmembrane delivery vehicle based on PEGylated oxidized mesoporous carbon nanosphere (oMCN@PEG) was successfully fabricated in a facile strategy. oMCN@PEG exhibited a narrow size distribution of 90 nm, excellent hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, and a very high loading efficiency for doxorubicin (DOX). The drug system (oMCN@DOX@PEG) exhibited excellent stability under neutral pH conditions, but with dramatic releases of DOX at reduced pH conditions. Pharmacokinetics study revealed that oMCN@DOX@PEG could prolong the circulation of DOX in the blood stream. The endocytosis, cytotoxicity, and anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo of the drug-loaded nanoparticles were also evaluated. Our results showed that the nanoparticles efficiently penetrated the membrane of tumor cells, subsequently released drugs, and efficiently inhibited the growth of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Especially, oMCN@DOX@PEG also exhibited significant antimetastasis effect in advanced stage of malignant cancer, improving the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. The results suggested that oMCN@PEG might be a promising anticancer drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.
SUMMARY An analytical solution is proposed for transient flow and deformation coupling of a fluid‐saturated poroelastic medium within a finite two‐dimensional (2‐D) rectangular domain. In this study, the porous medium is assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and compressible. In addition, the point sink can be located at an arbitrary position in the porous medium. The fluid–solid interaction in porous media is governed by the general Biot's consolidation theory. The method of integral transforms is applied in the analytical formulation of closed‐form solutions. The proposed analytical solution is then verified against both exact and numerical results. The analytical solution is first simplified and validated by comparison with an existing exact solution for the uncoupled problem. Then, a case study for pumping from a confined aquifer is performed. The consistency between the numerical solution and the analytical solution confirms the accuracy and reliability of the analytical solution presented in this paper. The proposed analytical solution can help us to obtain in‐depth insights into time‐dependent mechanical behavior due to fluid withdrawal within finite 2‐D porous media. Moreover, it can also be of great significance to calibrate numerical solutions in plane strain poroelasticity and to formulate relevant industry norms and standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Background Intercostal hemangioma (IH) is an extremely rare disease, with only 17 cases reported over the past 30 years, and the case of IH coexisting with multiple hepatic hemangiomas (MHHs) has not been reported up to now. IHs appear to be more aggressive than hepatic hemangiomas and are difficult to distinguish from other intercostal tumors. Case presentation: we report the first case of an intercostal venous hemangioma (IVH) coexisting with MHHs. The patient was a 58-year-old male who came to our hospital due to long-term and repeated epigastric distention. Plain chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed two adjacent masses protruding from the left chest wall into the thorax. The nature of the masses remained unclear after enhanced CT scans. We performed video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to remove the masses. These masses were finally diagnosed as IVHs, based on surgical records, imaging, and pathological findings. In addition, plain abdominal CT scans also indicated the presence of MHHs, this diagnosis was consistent with the patient's two doppler ultrasound findings over the last two years. There was no significant change in the hepatic masses when examined at 32 months follow-up. Unfortunately, there was a recurrence of the left IH, and the 5th rib was slightly eroded and destroyed. This may have been related to the fact that we did not distinguish the nature of the masses before surgery and the incomplete removal of masses during surgery. Conclusions Early clinical intervention for IHs of the chest wall can prevent tumor growth and damage to adjacent structures. Preoperative imaging diagnosis is important. Hemangiomas have a high recurrence rate, Complete surgical resection is the common treatment, and chest wall reconstruction can be performed if necessary. The authors hope that our case analysis and literature review will help clinicians identify IVH as highly unusual.
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