Conductive hydrogels have shown great promise in the field of sustainable power sources due to their unique features of sufficient flexibility, durability, and functional diversification. However, time-and energy-consuming polymerization process and poor adaptability in extreme environments severely impede their practical application in such an emerging field. Herein, a facile and universal self-catalytic system (AL-Cu 2+ ) based on alkali lignin (AL) macromolecule has been designed to rapidly fabricate conductive and transparent organohydrogels in alkaline water-ethylene glycol (EG) binary solvent, which displays extreme environment applicability (-40 to 60 °C), eligible stretchability (≈800% elongation), and robust self-adhesion (≈31.4 kPa). Interestingly, the introduced EG accelerates the polymerization, endows extreme freezing/ drying resistance, and improves self-adhesion for the organohydrogels. The organohydrogel (water/EG = 2/3) that combines the above merits inspires the construction of triboelectric nanogenerator (O-TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting and converting regardless of low-or high-temperature environments. The generated electricity by the O-TENG can be used directly or stored to drive commercial electronics and installed on human joints for movement monitoring. This work sheds light on designing environmentresistant flexible TENGs based on multifunctional soft materials with fast gelation strategy, provoking more attention to sustainable high-value utilization of lignin for advanced applications.

Energy dissipation underlies dynamic behaviors of the life system. This principle of biology is explicit, but its in vitro mimic is very challenging. Here we use an energy-dissipative self-assembly pathway to create a life-like polymer micellar system that can do periodic and self-adaptive pulsating motion fueled by cell energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Such a micelle expansion−contraction behavior relies on transient supramolecular interactions between the micelle and ATP fuel. The micelles capturing ATPs will deviate away from the thermodynamic equilibrium state, driving a continuous micellar expansion that temporarily breaks the amphiphilic balance, until a competing ATP hydrolysis consumes energy to result in an opposing micellar contraction. As long as ATP energy is supplied to keep the system in out-of-equilibrium, this reciprocating process can be sustained, and the ATP level can orchestrate the rhythm and amplitude of nanoparticulate pulsation. The man-made assemblies provide a model for imitating biologically time-dependent self-assembly and periodic nanocarriers for programmed drug delivery.

Rapid fabrication of organohydrogels at room temperature without external stimuli is a challenge. Inspired by plant catechol chemistry, a self-catalytic system established by sodium lignosulfonate and copper (II) ion (Ls-Cu2+)...

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systems have been known very early; however, in vitro mimicking such "living" systems with adaptive features using "nonliving" molecular building blocks is still a fundamental challenge in chemistry. [5,6] To date, chemists have established a plethora of synthetic self-assembly entities, [7] some of which can undergo reversible shape changes or phase transitions under external stimuli, [8][9][10] but they are not yet comparable to their natural counterparts. The main reason is that synthetic self-assembly systems operate in thermodynamic equilibrium, resulting in timeindependent steady-state structures. In contrast, natural self-assembly requires a continuous supply of energy to keep the assemblies away from equilibrium, resulting in time-dependent dynamic structures. [11] If the energy dissipates, the system will fall apart and revert to ground state. This process is referred to as dissipative self-assembly, [12] which offers impetus for biological motions such as cell deformation and growth (in situ motion without distance change), and cell migration and division (motion with distance change). Hence, implanting this energy-driven assembly in man-made assemblies may create life-like systems, possessing structural adaption and behavioral evolution over time and space. However, such artificial systems formed by dissipative pathway are quite limited thus far. The few reports focused on biocatalytic active gels, [13][14][15] switchable films, [16] and molecule-level reaction networks. [17] Nanoscale nonequilibrium assemblies have received little attention. An insuperable obstacle is how to harmonize sophisticated self-assembly process with continuous energy influx in a time-ordered manner.Herein, we report a "living" giant vesicle system that can perform autonomous and periodic pulsating motion via energy dissipation. The energy source of this pulsation derives from the cellular biochemical fuel, ATP. To achieve the energy-regulated self-assembly, our design concept is based on transient ligandreceptor supramolecular interactions between the ATP fuels and the vesicular membrane components. The system is necessary to satisfy the following conditions: (i) a self-assembling vesicle with specific ATP receptor units can toggle between expansile and contractile state by the association and dissociation of ATP; (ii) the temporary formation of ATP-polymer ligand-receptor complexes can cause the system energy gain Living systems can experience time-dependent dynamic self-assembly for periodic, adaptive behavior via energy dissipation pathway. Creating in vitro mimics is a daunting mission. Here a "living" giant vesicle system that can perform a periodic pulsating motion using adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-fuelled dissipative self-assembly is described. This dynamic system is built on transient supramolecular interactions between the polymer and cellular energy currency ATP. The vesicles capturing ATPs will deviate away from equilibrium, leading to an energy ascent that drives a continuous vesicular expansion, until a comp...

In this work, a versatile and simple strategy to build an injectable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties and self‐healing ability is reported. The gelation time and mechanical properties can be tuned by pH or the solid content. Due to the exchange of acylhydrazone and boronate ester bonds formed between functionalized prepolymers, the hydrogels can self‐heal at either acidic or basic condition. Furthermore, the pH‐induced IPN to semi‐IPN reversible transition endows the hydrogels with tunable pore structure and mechanical properties. It is hoped that this novel strategy will provide new opportunities in design and preparation of 3D‐printable IPN hydrogels, fostering their use in a wide range of applications such as controlled drug release and tissue engineering.

INPH patients present hyperdynamic flow with increased velocity and volume both in systole and diastole phase. Degree of rising in diastole phase exceeds that of systole phase. The resulting reversal of netflow direction may play a key role in the occurrence of ventriculomegaly in iNPH patients.

A new class of smart structural hydrogels is prepared by introducing dual cross-linkers into a single-network system. The present hydrogel, on the one hand, exhibits excellent mechanical properties; on the other hand, it exhibits thermally induced plasticity and a shape memory effect without any overlap.