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Using bilateral trade data of countries from 2000 to 2007, this paper contributes to the empirical literature on the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in global trade. The existing literature has focused on how IPRs in the destination country affect exports from a source country. In this paper, we add an additional dimension: the level of technology of the exporting country (LT). This is quite important for distinguishing the impact of IPRs on the exports of developed and developing countries, since the technology levels vary across countries at different stages of development and intellectual property rights better protect exports that are technologically advanced than exports that are imitative and potentially infringing. By factoring in the level of technology (LT), our empirical analysis makes the case that IPRs can act as a barrier to the exports from the South, especially the rapidly catching‐up economies, and thus be a source for the middle‐income trap phenomenon.

Financiarisation et politiques industrielles au Japon et en Corée du Sud : Evolution des complémentarités institutionnelles et déclin des capacités de l'Etat Résumé Le but de cet article est d'analyser le renouveau des politiques industrielles depuis la fin des années 2000 au Japon et en Corée du Sud et ses limites. Notre approche a deux caractéristiques principales. Tout d'abord, nous adoptons la perspective de l'institutionnalisme historique pour nous concentrer sur la relation entre les politiques industrielles et les systèmes financiers en étudiant leur évolution depuis les quarante dernières années. Ensuite, en mobilisant les concepts de complémentarités et de hiérarchie institutionnelles, nous discutons les limites de ce renouveau dans un contexte de libéralisation des systèmes financiers, à laquelle les institutions gouvernementales en charge de la politique industrielle ont contribué. Notre principal résultat est que, dans le contexte de la financiarisation, les complémentarités passées de l'Etat développeur se sont affaiblies et des contradictions sont apparues. Cela a conduit à une restructuration des capacités de l'Etat pour concevoir et mettre en place des politiques industrielles et à l'incapacité de subordonner la finance à leurs objectifs, malgré les discours et les ambitions des gouvernements. Cependant, et c'est notre second résultat, la comparaison entre le Japon et la Corée du Sud nous permet d'identifier des différences significatives dans les arrangements institutionnels initiaux et dans le processus de changement institutionnel, qui sont analysés comme les sources d'une plus grande capacité de l'Etat en Corée qu'au Japon dans la période actuelle.

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Using bilateral trade data on WTO disputes from 1995 to 2010 within the framework of multilateral trade, this paper empirically investigates whether legally winning a WTO dispute leads to actual trade gains. This study helps to illuminate the efficacy of the WTO dispute settlement system and to understand the role of the system as an institutional device for promoting multilateral trade liberalization. Assessing differential effects of the WTO dispute settlement rulings and the legal status of participants, this paper examines how trade gains are created and distributed among WTO members. Our empirical findings suggest that winning a legal dispute contributes to multilateral trade liberalization, not merely by rectifying trade problems for prevailing complainants but more so by providing better market access for all WTO members. This result reaffirms that the WTO dispute settlement system fulfills its purpose as a regulatory instrument for promoting multilateralism and market competition.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the revival of industrial policies from the late 2000s in Japan and Korea and their limitations. Our approach has two major characteristics. First, we adopt the perspective of historical institutionalism to focus on the relation between IPs and financial systems and study their evolution over the last 40 years. Second, by mobilizing the concepts of institutional complementarities and hierarchy, we discuss the limits of this revival in a context of liberalized financial systems, to which IPs have contributed. Our major result is that, in the context of financialization, past complementarities of the developmental state have weakened and contradictions have arisen. It resulted in a restructuration of state capabilities to design and implement IPs, and to its inability to subordinate finance to its goals, despite the discourses and ambitions of governments. However, and this is our second result, comparison between Japan and Korea also allows us to identify some significant differences that may explain diverging trends in terms of the deindustrialization and internationalization of these two economies.

Over the past decade, a specific form of Korean popular music—K-pop—has enjoyed huge success around the world. Previous explanations have mostly focused on the demand side, such as intra-Asian cultural relations. This paper shifts the focus onto the supply side. Firstly, it presents new evidence on the scale of K-pop’s success in markets—with price-tags or no price-tag. Secondly, it argues that K-pop firms have been successful because they have made the “right product selection”: They have delivered the performances that have best exploited the comparative advantages that Korea has in global entertainment markets. Finally, this paper examines three major factors explaining the rapidity of this success. Two of them—level of competition and online prices relative to CD prices—have taken place in Korean markets, but have had indirect effects on K-pop’s attractiveness in foreign markets. By contrast, the third factor has taken place directly in foreign markets.