Semi-dry ammonium desulfurization technology is proposed to meet the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU on reducing sulfur dioxide emissions and obtaining dry product-ammonium sulfate. The peculiarity of this technology is the presence of a gas-phase reaction of sulfur dioxide with ammonia along with the absorption of SO 2 in drops of ammonia water. The efficiency of the absorption of sulfur dioxide by gaseous ammonia (up to 90%) has been experimentally proved, subject to the presence of water vapor in the gas, the volume concentration of which should exceed the volume concentration of ammonia.
Purpose. Analysing the current state of sulfur dioxide and dust emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants of Ukraine, predicting them with regard to changes which have occurred in the Ukrainian power industry over the last years, and estimating these emissions to compare with the limit gross emission values of pollutants according to the National Emissions Reduction Plan. Methodology. The method for calculating the pollutant emissions is elaborated, based on using the quantity of produced or supplied electricity for each year of TPP operation. Findings. It has been established that the gross emissions of SO2 at Ukrainian TPPs over the last years have amounted to about 620 thousand tons, and those of dust have made 140 thousand tons. In 2019, the average emission factors for all types of coal were 1180 g/GJ (for sulfur dioxide) and 288 g/GJ (for dust). The average values of specific emissions of SO2 and dust were 14.4 and 3.4g/kWh of supplied electricity, respectively, as compared with 1.2 and 0.2 g/kWh, which are characteristic of the current level at coal TPPs of the EU countries. Originality. Analytic dependency has been established between SO2 emission factors in flue gas at coal TPPs and low heat value and sulfur and ash content for Ukrainian energy coal. Practical value. The developed method allows one to perform calculations of maximum permissible and predicted gross emissions of SO2 and dust at TPPs of Ukraine.
A wet method for flue gas cleaning from ash and sulfur dioxide based on a wet venturi scrubber has been proposed An increase in the specific consumption of irrigation water in the Venturi tube of 0.7 kg/m3 and higher will allow reaching an output dust concentration below 20 mg/m 3 , while reducing the energy consumption of flue gas for droplet evaporation and fresh water consumption. The use of ammonia in wet desulfurization technology will allow the use of an existing wet scrubber while observing the SO 2 limit concentration of 200 mg/m 3 .
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