Semi-dry ammonium desulfurization technology is proposed to meet the requirements of Directive 2010/75/EU on reducing sulfur dioxide emissions and obtaining dry product-ammonium sulfate. The peculiarity of this technology is the presence of a gas-phase reaction of sulfur dioxide with ammonia along with the absorption of SO 2 in drops of ammonia water. The efficiency of the absorption of sulfur dioxide by gaseous ammonia (up to 90%) has been experimentally proved, subject to the presence of water vapor in the gas, the volume concentration of which should exceed the volume concentration of ammonia.
The need to reduce emissions of pollutants, in particular nitrogen oxides, as required by regulations in Ukraine, requires the use of modern technologies and methods for waste gas treatment at industrial enterprises. This is especially true of thermal power plants, which are powerful sources of nitrogen oxide emissions. The technological part of the wet or semi-dry method of purification is the area for the oxidation of nitrogen oxides to obtain easily soluble compounds. The paper presents the results of a study of the process of ozone oxidation of nitrogen oxides in a chemical reactor. Data for the analysis of the process were obtained by performing physical experiments on a laboratory installation and related calculations on a mathematical model. Studies of the oxidation process have shown that the required amount of ozone depends not only on the content of nitrogen monoxide, but also on the content of nitrogen dioxide. The process of conversion of nitrogen monoxide to a satisfactory level occurs at the initial value of the molar ratio of ozone to nitrogen monoxide in the range of 1.5…2. The conversion efficiency of nitrogen monoxide reaches 90% at a gas temperature less than 100 °C. To achieve high conversion efficiency at gas temperatures above 100 °C, it is necessary to increase the initial ozone content when the molar ratio exceeds 2. The analysis shows that the conversion efficiency of nitric oxide largely depends on the residence time of the gas mixture in the reaction zone. Due to lack of time under certain conditions, the efficiency decreases by approximately 46%. To increase it, it is necessary to accelerate the rate of oxidation reactions due to better mixing of gases by turbulence of the flow in the oxidizing reactor. Bibl. 6, Fig. 6, Tab. 3.
It is proposed to use manganese compounds to reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, large deposits of which are in Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the binding of sulfur dioxide and potassium permanganate of nitric oxide in water by manganese oxide are presented. In the experiments, the model gas in the form of small bubbles was passed through the reactor with liquid. Heat and mass transfer processes between the gas and liquid phases occurred on the bubble surface. The gas-liquid contact time is the bubble rise time. The absorption reactions take place in the liquid phase. Complete absorption of sulfur dioxide takes place in an acidic environment, provided that the molar ratio MnO2 / SO2 is not less than 2. The reaction product is manganese sulfate, which is a useful product. The maximum absorption of nitrogen oxide is achieved at a molar ratio of KMnO4 / NO not less than 5. The reaction forms a precipitate of manganese oxide, which can later be used in the desulfurization process. Bibl. 12, fig. 6, tab. 3.
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