The utilization of wood resources from unutilized fast-growing tree species found in secondary forests was investigated by studying the wood properties, including anatomical characteristics, of two Macaranga species-M. bancana and M. pearsonii-growing naturally in secondary forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Several wood properties related to pulp and paper quality were also evaluated, including the Runkel ratio, Luce＇s shape factor, flexibility coefficient, slenderness ratio, solid factor, and wall coverage ratio. The mean basic density of these two species ranged from 0.23 to 0.31 g cm , while the mean values of vessel diameter, vessel element length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, and fiber length ranged from 126 to 192 µm, 0.88 to 1.19 mm, 24.5 to 29.8 µm, 0.99 to 1.14 µm, and 1.42 to 1.69 mm, respectively. The lignin content of M. bancana and M. pearsonii wood was 27.2 and 28.0%, respectively. Almost all wood properties related to pulp quality showed better values than those reported for Acacia and Eucalyptus species, although sheet density of paper might be lower due to higher solids factor and possibility of occurrence of vessel picking was probably higher due to longer vessel element length and larger vessel diameter. Based on the results, the wood from these two Macaranga species can be used as pulpwood.

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Degenerative diseases have been reported as the main causes of mortality number in Indonesia. An unhealthy lifestyle, including lack of exercise combined with low of fiber and antioxidants diet, is believed as the main triggering factor. Functional foods which offer several benefits, including its built-in nutrition, the pharmacological effects, as well as the practical uses, is considered as one of the effective solutions to supply the antioxidant deficiency. Euphorbia hirta is an herbaceous plant that has been reported to have several important pharmacological activities, including in the prevention of some degenerative diseases through its antioxidative capacity. A type of functional food enriched with antioxidant has been formulated from the leaves of E. hirta and black tea (Camellia sinensis); however, the feasibility analysis of its processing industry has not been carried out. This study was aimed to analyze the marketing, technical, management, and financial feasibility of establishment of functional food industry of E. hirta herb combined with black tea. The feasibility was analyzed by considering the marketing aspects, technical aspects (process technology and plant layout), management aspects, and financial aspects as measured by the NPV, Net B/C, IRR, PBP, and BEP values. The financial analysis showed that the NPV was Rp81,520,549.00 with 1.30 of Net B/C, 27.64% of IRR, and 2.6 years of PBP. Based on the results, the planned industry is declared to be feasible especially in the aspects of marketing, technic, management, and financial.

Cellulose is the greatest abundant and renewable biopolymer resources in world, it has been widely used in many industrial applications because of its favorable characteristics. Various cellulose resources, especially those obtained from local resources and agriculture waste, are being exploited to reduce the impact of environmental damage. This study presents an environmental friendly methods to produce cellulose from local plant, Eleocharis dulcis. E. dulcis is an aquatics plant belonging to the Cyperaceae family, mainly abundant in swampy area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this study, α-cellulose were isolated from E. dulcis as a new renewable industrial resources. The sample was dewaxed using ethanol-toluene, then the free extractive sample was bleached using NaClO2 to produce holocellulose. The influence of type of alkali (NaOH and KOH) and concentration (15%; 17.5% and 20%) on the properties of α-cellulose was investigated. The Total Crystallinity Index (CrI), Lateral Order Index (LOI), Hydrogen Bond Intensity (HBI) and whiteness of α-cellulose were analysis using FTIR and CIELab color system, respectively.

Picea jezoensis wood block was degraded by a white-rot fungus (Porodaedalea pini) under laboratory condition for different periods up to 120 days. Chemical composition changes of the wood caused by white-rot fungus degradation were evaluated by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, discoloration of the wood meal was analyzed using colorimeter by calculating CIELab values. The results showed that the constant value in the relative changes of lignin and carbohydrates band ratio, indicating that P. pini degrades lignin and carbohydrates nonselectively, with a slight preference for lignin. Fungus degradation of wood resulted in rapid color changes (L* value) that correlate well with degradation of lignin. This study also showed that FTIR spectroscopy is a very simple and fast method fore valuating wood degradation.

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The study aims to analyze the anatomical characteristics and values of fiber derivatives as raw materials of pulp and paper, samples in the form of sticks the size of matchsticks are prepared for measurement of fiber dimensions then inserted into the test tube and added a chemical solution until the sample is submerged. The test tube is heated to a boil and is yellowish-white. Samples are cooled and washed with aquades. The sample is colored with safranin. Based on the results of research on the value of sago skin fiber derivatives if the average runkel number is obtained worth 1.18, with a class 4 weaving power category of 38.82 with a class 4 category, musteph rotio worth 38.43% with class 2 category, coefficient of rigidity worth 0.26 with class 4 category and flexibility ratio of 0.45 with category 3, Based on fiber classification value can conclude that sago skin is included in class 3 categoryPenelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik anatomi dan nilai turunan serat sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas, sampel berupa stik seukuran batang korek api disiapkan untuk pengukuran dimensi serat selanjutnya dimasukan ke dalam tabung reaksi dan ditambahkan larutan kimia sampai sampel terendam. Tabung reaksi dipanaskan sampai mendidih dan berwarna putih kekuning-kuningan. Sampel didinginkan dan dicuci dengan aquades. Sampel diwarnai dengan safranin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada nilai turunan serat kulit sagu jika dirata-rata diperoleh bilangan runkel senilai 1,18, dengan kategori kelas 4 daya tenun senilai 38,82 dengan kategori kelas 4, musteph rotio senilai 38,43% dengan kategori kelas 2, coefficient of rigidity senilai 0,26 dengan kategori kelas 4 dan flexibility ratio senilai 0,45 dengan kategori 3, Berdasarkan nilai klasifikasi serat dapat simpulkan bahwa kulit sagu sagu masuk dalam kategori kelas 3