The international Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) encompasses hundreds of long-term research/monitoring sites located in a wide array of ecosystems that can help us understand environmental change across the globe. We evaluated long-term trends (1990-2015) for bulk deposition, throughfall and runoff water chemistry and fluxes, and climatic variables in 25 forested catchments in Europe belonging to the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems (ICP IM). Many of the IM sites form part of the monitoring infrastructures of this larger ILTER network. Trends were evaluated for monthly concentrations of non-marine (anthropogenic fraction, denoted as x) sulphate (xSO) and base cations x(Ca+Mg), hydrogen ion (H), inorganic N (NO and NH) and ANC (Acid Neutralising Capacity) and their respective fluxes into and out of the catchments and for monthly precipitation, runoff and air temperature. A significant decrease of xSO deposition resulted in decreases in concentrations and fluxes of xSO in runoff, being significant at 90% and 60% of the sites, respectively. Bulk deposition of NO and NH decreased significantly at 60-80% (concentrations) and 40-60% (fluxes) of the sites. Concentrations and fluxes of NO in runoff decreased at 73% and 63% of the sites, respectively, and NO concentrations decreased significantly at 50% of the sites. Thus, the LTER/ICP IM network confirms the positive effects of the emission reductions in Europe. Air temperature increased significantly at 61% of the sites, while trends for precipitation and runoff were rarely significant. The site-specific variation of xSO concentrations in runoff was most strongly explained by deposition. Climatic variables and deposition explained the variation of inorganic N concentrations in runoff at single sites poorly, and as yet there are no clear signs of a consistent deposition-driven or climate-driven increase in inorganic N exports in the catchments.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The aim of the study is to characterize the parameters of floods (volume, time of concentration, duration and share in the drainage of water from the catchment) shaped by various factors: snowmelt S, downpours Rh, continuous rainfall Rc, rainfall with variable intensity over time R(h+c) and mixed (snowmelt-rainfall R+S). The research was carried out in the Bystrzanka stream (13 km 2 catchment area) in the Western Polish Carpathians in the years 1971-2015. The results were obtained on the basis of the limnigram analysis from the water gauge closing the tested catchment. Floods show a high variability of events, duration and size of outflow in subsequent years. The total number of floods in the analyzed period was 408, of which the highest number were of Rh floods (132). Floods occurred on average for 3.6% of the analyzed period and amounted to 21.1% of the outgoing water.