Assessing critical load exceedances and ecosystem impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur deposition at unmanaged forested catchments in Europe

Forsius, Martin; Posch, Maximilian; Holmberg, Maria; Vuorenmaa, Jussi; Kleemola, Sirpa; Augustaitis, Algirdas; Beudert, Burkhard; Bochenek, Witold; Clarke, Nicholas; Wit, Heleen de; Dirnböck, Thomas; Frey, Jane; Grandin, Ulf; Hakola, Hannele; Köbler, Johannes; Krám, Pavel; Lindroos, Antti‐Jussi; Löfgren, Stefan; Pecka, Tomasz; Rönnback, Pernilla; Skotak, Krzysztof; Szpikowski, Józef; Ukonmaanaho, Liisa; Valinia, Salar; Váňa, Milan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141791

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The Lysina catchment is part of the Czech Republic national network GEOMON (GEOchemical MONitoring) of small forest catchments operated by the Czech Geological Survey (Fottová, 1995; Oulehle et al, 2021). The Lysina Catchment is one of two Czech sites within International Cooperative Program ‐ Integrated Monitoring network (Forsius et al, 2021). Lysina also belongs to the International Long‐Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network (Vuorenmaa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assess hydrological responses to a warming climate at the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory in Central Europe

Zheng

Lamačová

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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Climate warming is having profound effects on the hydrological cycle by increasing atmospheric demand, changing water availability, and snow seasonality. Europe suffered three distinct heat waves in 2019, and 11 of the 12 hottest years ever recorded took place in the past two decades, which will potentially change seasonal streamflow patterns and long-term trends. Central Europe exhibited six dry years in a row since 2014. This study uses data from a well-documented headwater catchment in Central Europe (Lysina) to explore hydrological responses to a warming climate.We applied a lumped parameter hydrologic model Brook90 and a distributed model Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) to simulate long-term hydrological change under future climate scenarios. Both models performed well on historic streamflow and in agreement with each other according to the catchment water budget. In addition, PIHM was able to simulate lateral groundwater redistribution within the catchment validated by the groundwater table dynamics. The long-term trends in runoff and low flow were captured by PIHM only. We applied different EURO-CORDEX models with two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 4.5, 8.5) and found significant impacts on runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) for the period of 2071-2100. Results from both models suggested reduced runoff and increased ET, while the monthly distribution of runoff was different. We used this catchment study to understand the importance of subsurface processes in projection of hydrologic response to a warming climate.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assess hydrological responses to a warming climate at the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory in Central Europe

Zheng

Lamačová

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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“…However, anthropogenic atmospheric deposition provided high N input for 20-30 years avoiding the need for fertilization (Vuorenmaa et al, 2009). In recent decades, atmospheric N deposition has declined (Forsius et al, 2020). This has renewed interest in forest fertilization especially as demand for wood products is high with, also the need to turn away from fossil fuels in a climate change perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, with high atmospheric N deposition caused by airborne industrial pollution, no forest N fertilization was needed in regions where high deposition occurred, such as in the southern parts of the Nordic countries. However, N deposition (and subsequent leaching) in Sweden have declined in the past 20 years (Forsius et al, 2020). This is mainly because of cessation of high anthropogenic atmospheric N deposition and as a result of growing environmental awareness (Lindkvist et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly because of cessation of high anthropogenic atmospheric N deposition and as a result of growing environmental awareness (Lindkvist et al, 2011). Deposition in central Sweden is currently less than 5 kg N ha − 1 yr − 1 (Löfgren, 2020), so interest in the benefits of applying N fertilizer to forests is returning. There was some limited forest fertilization in the period 1980-2000, but in recent years fertilization activities have increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duration of forest fertilization effects on streamwater chemistry in a catchment in central Sweden

Lundin

Nilsson

2021

Forest Ecology and Management

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Demands for forest biomass production for energy, construction and carbon storage purposes are increasing, and therefore measures to increase tree growth are required. One potential measure is nitrogen (N) fertilization, as N is usually the most growth-limiting nutrient in boreal forests and partly due to decreasing atmospheric N deposition in northern Europe in recent decades. However, N fertilization can have adverse effects, such as soil acidification and N leaching, particularly nitrate leaching via streamwater flow. To mitigate the acidification risk, dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) is added to N fertilizer boron (B) as increased tree growth hamper tree uptake of this essential micronutrient.This study examined the effects of forest fertilization on streamwater chemistry in the 45 ha Swedish catchment Risfallet (RF), around 80% of which was treated with fertilizer. That was rather exceptional, as most previous catchments studied have had <50% treated area, which may give weaker treatment signals. A paired catchment method combined with the control area and calibration period technique was applied to evaluate leaching effects from forest fertilization. Effects over 7.5 years were compared with previously reported initial effects in the first year, in order to assess the duration of fertilization effects on surface water. High excess outflow of N over five years was detected, with 20% of the applied amount leached and with nitrate dominating total nitrogen. Excess outflow of Ca and Mg was highest in the first year. Effects on pH were limited, with calculated untreated pH on 5.9 being on average 0.4 units lower during the first six months and then remaining at 0.2 units lower.Recommended could be to mainly fertilize well-drained soil, avoid wet areas and open streams. Consider the hydrological conditions while weather would be more hazardous to foresee.

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“…The partitioning of absorbed radiation into sensible and latent heat at the Earth's surface is a key process for the climate (Sellers et al, 1997;Higgins and Schneider, 2005). Climate change with increasing air temperature by intensity of 3 -6 °C over 100 years may affect forest sustainability and adaptive capacity to unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought, frost and heat (Lévesque et al, 2014) as well as air pollution by acidifying compounds (Augustaitis et al, 2007a(Augustaitis et al, , 2010a(Augustaitis et al, , 2010b(Augustaitis et al, , 2011Holmberg et al, 2013, Forsius et al, 2021 and tropospheric ozone (Paoletti et al, 2007, Serengyl et al, 2011, Sicard et al, 2016Vuorenmaa et al, 2017). Such changes could affect also trees resistance to pest damage (Augustaitis, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpiration Rate of Scots Pine Trees on Very Oligotrophic Soils of Normal Moisture in Relation to Different Meteorological Condition

Sidabrienė

2022

Rural Development 2019

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Continuous monitoring of the tree ring formation and transpiration throughout the year is crucial for understanding the tree reaction to changes in meteorology, and evaluating its adaptiveness to recent environmental changes. Data were collected from four Pinus sylvestris L. trees which sapflow was measured by the heat wave propagation method using SFM1 sensors (ICT International, Australia) and annual tree stem increment by electronic dendrometer DRL26. Investigation was performed in middle age pine stand on very oligotrophic soil. Meteorological data revealed that 2019 was the year of drought. In this year pine transpiration rate and volume increment were the lowest. However, water was used most efficiently, which means that pines needed less water to produce 1 cm 3 of wood. 2020 was characterized as a year of recovery of moisture regime, when during vegetation precipitation increased up to long term value and the mean air temperature was the lowest. Annaul volume increment of pine trees in this year was the biggest, transpiration rate the highest, but WUE was the smallest, indicating that pine used more water to produce 1 cm 3 of wood. Obtained data on WUE during different growing season revealed that Scots pine trees are well adapted to recent meteorological condition. Increase in tree diameter reduced values of Scots pine WUE, what means that bigger pine trees used significantly less water to produce 1 cm 3 of wood.

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Assessing critical load exceedances and ecosystem impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur deposition at unmanaged forested catchments in Europe

Cited by 33 publications

References 67 publications

Assess hydrological responses to a warming climate at the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory in Central Europe

Assess hydrological responses to a warming climate at the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory in Central Europe

Duration of forest fertilization effects on streamwater chemistry in a catchment in central Sweden

Transpiration Rate of Scots Pine Trees on Very Oligotrophic Soils of Normal Moisture in Relation to Different Meteorological Condition

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