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Eucheuma cottonii waste seaweed has high cellulose content. Therefore, it could be potentially used as a raw material for biodegradable films to replace plastic. A plastic film is its moisture resistance, and this property allows plastic films to be used as packaging materials and biodegraded by microbes. This research aims to obtain a concentration of glycerol and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) to obtain the best biodegradable film characteristics from E. cottonii seaweed waste. This study was conducted in factorial by using a complete randomized block design with two factors: glycerol concentration and CMC concentration. Each treatment has three levels and three replications (3 × 3). The first factor was glycerol concentration: 0.25% (G1), 0.5% (G2), and 0.75% (G3). The second factor included concentrations of 1% CMC (C1), 2% CMC (C2), and 3% CMC (C3). Then, Tensile Strength (TS), thickness, solubility, and elongation were observed. Functional group analysis was conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and biodegradability test. The results showed that the addition of glycerol concentrations of 0.5 and 0.7% and CMC from 1 to 3% produced tensile strengths of 23–39 MPa. These values are proportional to the tensile strength of Poly Tetra Fluoro ethyne (PTFE) and Poly Propylene (PP) synthetic plastics released by Dotmar Engineering Plastics. The biodegradability test showed that the produced biodegradable films decomposed after 14 days.

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Cellulose from the solid waste of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii is one of the wastes that can be used as raw material for making biodegradable films. The condition for making optimum conditions for making biodegradable film from E. cottonii with treatment of glycerol concentration (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; and 1%), tapioca concentration (2; 4; 6; 8; and 10%) , carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) concentration (1; 2; 3; 4and 5%) and chitosan concentration (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 The experimental design uses a surface response method with 4 replications. The analysis carried out consisted of elongation percent, tensile strength, solubility and biodegradable film using surface response method. The optimum value occurs in the process conditions using a concentration of glycerol of 0.162%, tapioca concentration of 3.78%, CMC concentration of 2.5% and chitosan concentration of 1.62% with tensile strength 95.013 Mpa, percent elongation of 8.92%, and solubility 80.62%.

Bamboo is one of the non-wood materials which can be utilized as raw materials of pulp. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the ratio of acetic acid:formic acid on the chemical properties of pulp from bamboo. The results of the study showed that increases of the ratio of formic acid able to degraded of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content and decreases the pulp yield. The best condition of this research showed on the ratio of acetic acid: formic acid = 90:10. This condition produced the pulp with composition consist are cellulose 66,98%, hemicelluloses 16,83%, and lignin 3,59%, with the yield of pulp is 42,279%

Sentulfresh Indonesia Educational Tour can not avoid the effects of tight business competition, so it needs to improve the services quality continuously. The purpose of this research was to analyse level of services visitor satisfaction educational tour, and to formulate development strategies to increase the visitor satisfaction. This research was a descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained by in-depth interviews, whereas quantitative data were acquired using questionnaires of development strategic and level of service to analyzed by Servqual method. The internal and external environments were analyzed, followed by SWOT  analysis. The result was used as data to formulate strategies followed by QSP) test to sequence priorities of the chosen strategies as strategy development of educational tour of Sentulfresh Indonesia. The result stated that the quality of service at the educational tour of Sentulfresh Indonesia has not meet the needs and desires of visitor. Based on SWOT analysis shows that the  score of IFE was 2.743 and EFE was 2.430. The priority of alternative strategies based on QSPM test was Realizing the development of facilities on remaining land accompanied by repair and improvements to existing facilities (TAS = 6.620).

Abstract-The objective of this research was to examine the feasibility of liquid smoke production from palm ail empty fruit bunch (EFB). This research was a survey with expert respondents to collect primary data while literatures and reports study as secondary data. The result of study showed that the liquid smoke industry from EFB was feasible to be developed with eligibility criteria Rp. 991,486,765 of NPV ; 2.50 of Net B/C; 36.59 % of IRR ; and 2.83 years of PBP. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that the liquid smoke industry from EFB more sensitive for liquid smoke price decerasing than raw material and other inputs price increasing.

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