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THE OPTIMATION OF FORMACELL PULP PRODUCTION FROM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (EFB) USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. Empty Fruit Bunches 78,37% selulosa, 7,59% hemiselulosa, 10,71% lignin, dan 67,31% rendemen.

Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)  merupakan  limbah agroindustri yang mengandung selulosa sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pulp.  Proses pembuatan pulp dari TKKS secara formacell menghasilkan pulp dengan warna yang masih gelap sehingga memerlukan proses bleaching atau pemutihan.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu pemutihan dengan menggunakan H2O2 dengan konsentrasi 35% dalam media asam asetat terhadap karakteristik pulp dari TKKS yang dimasak menggunakan proses formacell.  Lama waktu pemutihan yang digunakan adalah 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2 dan 2,5 jam dengan menggunakan suhu pemasakan 80oC.  Penelitian diulang sebanyak 3 kali.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik terjadi pada lama pemutihan selama 2 jam yang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 79,6%, selulosa 51,08%, bilangan permanganat 6,8 dan skor terhadap warna adalah 4,5 (putih).

Quality is one of the important factors in producing lemea - a fermented bamboo shoots and fish. Objectives of this research were to find out effects of preparation and their interaction to produce the best quality of lamea. This research used randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was preparations (P) consisting of four levels, namely preparation by smoothing and stirring (P1), preparation by cutting and stirring (P2), preparation by smoothing and coating (P3), and preparation by cutting and coating (P4). The second factor was blanching (B) consisting of two levels, namely without blanching (B0) and blanching (B1). In order to determine its quality, lemea was observed for its content of lactic acid bacteria, total volatile nitrogen, moisture content, and protein content as well as its sensory characteristics (color, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability scores). Collected data were analysed for its variances and the results showed that preparation and blanching treatments significantly affected lemea’s total volatile nitrogen and sensory characteristics.  The best lemea quality was obtained from combination treatment of blanching with chopped and stirred preparation (B1P2). The lemea had lactic acid bacteria of 10.1160 log cfu/g, total volatile nitrogen of 43.14 mg/100g, moisture content of 87.99% (b/v), color score of 4.34 (yellowish white), aroma score of 3.78 (rot), texture score of 4.53 (soft) and overall acceptance score of 3.90 (likes).

Edible film made up of modified tapioca was used to wrap tempeh and its shelf life estimation was determined. The edible films must be capable of evenly aerating and maintaining moisture without causing condensation in order mycelium to be able to grow and produce high-quality tempeh. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with two main factors of storage temperature and time. An accelerated shelf life test at 17oC, 27oC, and 37oC with an Arrhenius model was used to calculate the shelf life, and water content was used as quality parameter indicator. The result showed that modified-tapioca based edible film made from fermentation of tapioca by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was characterized as having elongation of 11.40 %, tensile strength of 408.37 MPa, thickness of 0.88 mm and WVTR of 12.60 g/m2/h. Rate constant of water content decrease in edible film wrapped tempeh based on Arrhenius model was 0.3832 % day-1 and Ea was 10.296 kkal/gmol, while that of in PP-plastic wrapped tempeh was 0.3831% day-1 and Ea was 9.998 kkal/gmol. The shelf life of edible film wrapped tempeh was 9.39 days at 27oC, 5.18 days at 27oC, and 2.96 days at 37oC, while shelf life of PP-plastic wrapped tempeh was 8.64 days at 17oC, 4.85 days at 27 oC, and 2.82 days at 37oC. Therefore, it can be concluded that modified tapioca based edible film increased the shelf life of tempeh.

Used newsprint is one of the most potential materials to be recovered into pulp raw material. The problem is the color of newsprint that requires bleaching process. One of the oxidizing agents used for bleaching is the peroxide acid in the acetic acid medium. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of peroxide acid concentration in acetic acid media and the duration of heating to the chemical properties of pulp produced. The best results were obtained at 12% per oxide acid concentration in acetic acid medium and 5 hour heating time, yielding 58.653% cellulose, hemicellulose 9.033%, lignin 22.683%, and color score 4.503% (rather white).

Minuman sari lemon kolagen merupakan salah satu minuman fungsional yang mudah diserap oleh tubuh, namun kolagen yang berasal dari ikan memiliki aroma amis sehingga dapat dikombinasikan dengan sari buah lemon untuk menutupi aroma amis tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh konsentrasi kolagen yang tepat sehingga menghasilkan minuman sari lemon kolagen berbasis sari buah lemon dengan karakteristik fisikokimia, mikrobiologi, dan sensori terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 6 perlakuan level konsentrasi kolagen yang berbeda, yaitu 0,5% (K1), 1% (K2), 1,5% (K3), 2% (K4), 2,5% (K5), dan 3% (K6) dengan 4 kali ulangan. Proses pembuatan dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sari lemon dan gula pasir, kemudian ditambahkan kolagen dan air yang sudah disaring dengan UV dan dipanaskan sambil diaduk hingga suhu ± 60 °C, lalu dimasukkan ke dalam botol kaca dan dilakukan pasteurisasi dengan suhu ± 75-85 °C selama 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi kolagen berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik fisik (tingkat kekeruhan, viskositas, dan pH), karakteristik mikrobiologi (total mikroba), dan karakteristik sensori. Minuman sari lemon kolagen berbasis sari buah lemon terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi kolagen 1,5% (K3) dengan aroma agak khas lemon (3,11), rasa yang khas lemon (3,71), warna putih sedikit kekuningan (2,34), penerimaan keseluruhan suka (3,53), persen transmittan 67,20%, viskositas 1,19 cP, pH 4,07, dan total mikroba 1,2 x 10 2 koloni/mL. Minuman sari lemon kolagen ini mengandung kadar protein sebesar 1,34 ± 0,04%, kadar vitamin C sebesar 0,018 ± 0,00 mg/mL, dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 19,39 ± 0,08%.