<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik minyak dan gas hasil proses dekomposisi termal (pirolisis) sampah plastik jenis l<em>ow density polyethylene</em> (LDPE) dengan berbagai variabel laju kenaikan suhu selama proses pirolisis terjadi. Pada proses ini digunakan reaktor pirolisis kapasitas 2 kg dengan laju kenaikan suhu sebesar 2, 4, dan 6 °C/menit sebagai variabel penelitian. Minyak dan gas yang terbentuk ditampung dalam wadah penampung dan diukur rendemennya. Karakteristik gas yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji di laboratorium menggunakan peralatan GC-MS dan peralatan uji sifat fisik khusus untuk minyak hasil pirolisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi laju kenaikan suhu, minyak yang diahsilkan semakin banyak dan gas semakin sedikit. Rendemen minyak terbesar sebesar 35,83 % dihasilkan pada proses pirolisis dengan laju kenaikan suhu 6 °C/menit, dimana pada saat itu, nilai rendemen gas adalah paling kecil, sebesar 5,83 %. Sementara hasil identifikasi gas, yang paling dominan adalah gas jenis butena, dimana kadarnya semakin kecil seiring dengan laju kenaikan suhu. Kandungan gas butena terbesar sebesar 98% pada laju kenaikan suhu 2 °C/menit. Sementara berdasarkan uji sifat fisik, karakteristik minyak plastik mendekati sifat-sifat bahan bakar minyak, terutama kerosen., sehingga cukup layak apabila dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti BBM.</p><p><em>This study aims to determine the characteristics of oil and gas from the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) process of waste </em><em>low density polyethylene (LDPE) type plastic with various temperature increase rate variables during the pyrolysis process. In this process a 2 kg capacity pyrolysis reactor is used with a temperature increase of 2, 4, and 6 °C/min as the research variable. The oil and gas that is formed is stored in a container and the yield is measured. The characteristics of the gases produced are then tested in the laboratory using GC-MS equipment and special physical property test equipment for pyrolysis oils. Based on the research results, it was found that the higher the rate of temperature rise, the more oil is produced and the less gas. The largest oil yield of 35.83 % was produced in the pyrolysis process with a rate of temperature rise of 6 °C/min, where at that time, the value of the gas yield was the smallest, amounted to 5.83 %. While the gas identification results, the most dominant is the type of butene gas, where the levels get smaller along with the rate of temperature rise. The biggest butene gas content is 98 % at a rate of temperature rise of 2 °C/min. While based on the physical properties test, the characteristics of plastic oil approach the properties of fuel oil, especially kerosene, so it is quite feasible if used as an alternative fuel to substitute fuel.</em></p>
<p>Organic wastes has potential as a renewable energy resource. The waste could be converted as a gaseous fuel through gasification method. The objective of this reserach was to study the performance of gasification of various organic waste using fixed bed updraft gasifier especially in term of production of heat and stability of gas production. The raw material that used are rice husk, sawdust pellet, and wood branch. The stabilization of gas production was measurdd based on the time interval of gas could be burnt. The result shows that the kind of biomass has influenced the heating rate and stability of gas production. Sawdust pellet have the biggest burning stabilisation, that is 45 minute of burning time, compare to rice husk that have 15 minute burning time, and wood branch that have 30 minutes burning time. The main problem of gasification of organic waste was less stabilization of gas production due to low material compaction and uncontinuous mass flow.</p>
We report the synthesis of carbon nanodots (Cdots) from watermelon peel waste. The Cdots obtained were characterized using ultraviolet-visible, photoluminescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy. The Cdots exhibited green luminescence. The average diameter of the Cdots was 4 nm and the C=C functional groups were dominant. The Cdots were then utilized as CO2 absorbent in biogas. The result showed that the concentration of CO2 was reduced by up to 40% based on the gas chromatography test. The higher the Cdots concentration, the higher is the amount of CO2 that can be reduced in the biogas. Based on the heat performance test, higher concentration of Cdots produced higher heat energy of the biogas.
<p><em>The application of micro-gasification stove technology for outdoor and disaster response activities is one of the renewal efforts in the utilization of biomass waste to energy. This study uses a portable micro-gasification stove type of natural draft which consists of three important compartments, namely the equalizer chamber, reactor chamber, and chimney. The unique ventilation of the reactor and chimney in this furnace will form a vertically spiraled air flow. This air flow will help complete combustion throughout the reactor chamber and accelerate the process of heating and gasification. Empirical test on this stove has been done by using a naturally dried twig and some kind of processed biomass (briquette/pellets). The peak temperature of the fire was not much different, ranging from 700 °C to 900 °C. With a total mass about 250 grams for each fuel (dry twigs, wood powder briquettes, and paper waste pellets), the duration of the flame occurs between 15 to 30 minutes depending on the fuel variant. In this experiment, the resulting fire was able to boil water with a volume of 500 ml in less than 7 minutes. While the remaining combustion, the live coals in the reactor is still able to warm water with the same volume from room temperature, about 28 °C to 80°C without any addition of fuel. Considering the performance and ease of procurement, storage, and distribution of fuel, the portable micro gasification stove is feasible to serve as a tool for disaster response support.</em></p>
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