We assessed the prevalence of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients (aged 40-65 yr) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) attending routine diabetes clinics at our hospital. Symptoms were experienced during the previous 6 mo in 41 of 203 (20.2%) patients treated with sulfonylureas but in none of the 16 patients treated with metformin alone. Hypoglycemic symptoms were experienced at least monthly in 5.9% and less frequently in 14.3% of patients. The prevalence of symptoms decreased with increasing duration of sulfonylurea administration (P less than .01). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial plasma glucose were significantly lower in patients reporting hypoglycemic symptoms than in those without symptoms (P less than .001). The prevalence of hypoglycemic symptoms was significantly higher in patients treated with glyburide than in patients treated with gliclazide (P less than .01) or chlorpropamide (P less than .05). The prevalence of symptoms was higher in patients taking medications in addition to OHAs (P less than .01). Ten (24%) of the patients who experienced hypoglycemic symptoms were taking drugs that may potentiate sulfonylureas.
We introduce a new member of a family of photochemically active oligonucleotide conjugates. A Phenanthrodihydrodioxin (PDHD)-based agent was synthesized and covalently linked to a 5'-end of the 9-mer oligonucleotide via a hexamethylene linker. The conjugate hybridized to a complementary 30-nucleotide-long target and efficiently cleaved it in a sequence specific manner. Up to 67% of target was specifically damaged (51% cross-links and 16% direct cleavage). While the photosensitizer alone nonspecifically damaged only Gs in a single-stranded target, its conjugate cross-linked to and damaged also A, T, and C sites in a target in agreement with duplex and triplex formation.
The effect of Na pentobarbital anesthesia on serum secretin concentration and exocrine pancreatic secretian was investigated in dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas. Na pentobarbital anesthesia was found 1) to reduce basal pancreatic flow rate by 74%, bicarbonate by 70% and protein secretions by 81 % withou t affecting basal immunoreaclive secretin (lRS) concentration; 2) to have no effect on Hel (9.6 mEq/30 min, intraduodenally) mediated IRS release but to reduce by approximately 50% Hel mediate!! bicarbonate output; 3) to have no effect on pancreatic responsiveness to stimulation by exogenous secretin (0.5 IU/kg x 30 min); 4) not to affect serum concentrations of IRS following secretin infusion. These data suggest 1) that basal pancreatic secretory functions are under con trol of tonic neural influences; 2) that Na pentobarbital anesthesia has no effect on IRS release but inhibits stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion through suppression of an as yet unidentified agent; and 3) that Na pentobarbital does not affect the metaboIism of secretin. Furthermore, it was found that intraduodenal administration of 9.6 mEq of HCl and intravenous infusion of 0.5 IU/kg of secretin for 30 min both resulted in similar IRS concentrations of approximately 600 pU/mi (equivalent to 150 pg/ml).
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