a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the results of numerous commercial and residential building simulations, with the purpose of examining the impact of climate change on peak and annual building energy consumption over the portion of the EIC (Eastern Interconnection) located in the United States. The climate change scenario considered includes changes in mean climate characteristics as well as changes in the frequency and duration of intense weather events. Simulations were performed using the BEND (Building ENergy Demand) model which is a detailed building analysis platform utilizing EnergyPlus™ as the simulation engine. Over 26,000 building configurations of different types, sizes, vintages, and characteristics representing the population of buildings within the EIC, are modeled across the three EIC time zones using the future climate from 100 target region locations, resulting in nearly 180,000 spatially relevant simulated demand profiles for three years selected to be representative of the general climate trend over the century. This approach provides a heretofore unprecedented level of specificity across multiple spectrums including spatial, temporal, and building characteristics. This capability enables the ability to perform detailed hourly impact studies of building adaptation and mitigation strategies on energy use and electricity peak demand within the context of the entire grid and economy.

SummaryThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is developing a voluntary national energy asset score that includes an energy asset scoring tool to help building owners evaluate their buildings with respect to the score. The goal of the energy asset score is to facilitate cost-effective investment in energy efficiency improvements of commercial buildings. The system will allow building owners and managers to compare their building infrastructure against peers and track building upgrade progress over time. The system can also help other building stakeholders (e.g., building operators, tenants, financiers, and appraisers) understand the relative efficiency of different buildings in a way that is independent from their operations and occupancy.DOE's long-term goal is to ensure that there is a linked set of compatible metrics and scoring approaches that building stakeholders can seamlessly use to effectively evaluate a building's as-built and in-operation efficiencies. DOE envisions these linked scores describing various aspects of building energy performance, such as the performance of building assets, performance of building operations, and how a building compares to its peers. Given this larger vision, the energy asset score is being designed to work in concert with tools such as ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. Where possible, the energy asset score incorporates methods that are consistent with ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager.Prior to beginning the energy asset score effort, DOE performed a market study to ensure that the energy asset score will help address market needs and fill identified gaps. In 2012, DOE began initial pilot testing of the energy asset score. As a result of that effort, improvements to the tool, training materials, and other aspects of the program have been made. In 2013, DOE will continue to assess the energy asset score through additional pilot testing as well as evaluations and analyses. Results from these efforts will be published in a separate document. In addition, this report will be updated periodically to reflect changes to the scoring methodology, the scoring tool, and other aspects of the program.This report outlines the technical protocol used to generate the energy asset score, explains the scoring methodology, and provides additional details regarding the energy asset scoring tool. This report also describes alternative methods that were considered prior to developing the current approach. Finally, this report describes a few features of the program where alternative approaches are still under evaluation. Energy Asset ScoreThe energy asset score enables building owners and managers to evaluate the as-built physical characteristics of buildings and overall building energy efficiency, independent of occupancy and operational choices. The physical characteristics evaluated include the building envelope, the mechanical and electrical systems, and other major energy-using equipment, such as commercial refrigeration. The energy asset score is generated by simulating building performance under...

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A.1.5 Metric Recommendations Future measurements should consider breaking down the metric by customer type (e.g., residential, industrial, commercial) to provide greater clarity into consumer response to dynamic tariffs. In addition, data are needed to measure the fraction of load served by dynamic pricing as outlined in Metric 1.b. A series of questions designed to address this issue has been developed for the EIA. The EIA is considering adding questions relevant to this metric to its EIA Form 861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report, for implementation in 2014. Any relevant data collected by EIA through its Form 861 survey should be considered in future dynamic pricing metric reports.

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Executive SummaryThis document provides an overview of renewable resource potential at Fort Polk, based primarily upon analysis of secondary data sources supplemented with limited onsite evaluations. This effort focuses on grid-connected generation of electricity from renewable energy sources and also on ground-source heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings. At this time, the only renewable technology that shows practical and economic potential at Fort Polk is a waste-to-energy plant consuming regional municipal solid waste. A biomass plant using wood waste shows marginal economics, but the feedstock is likely not available. There is also interest in developing geopressured-geothermal power from existing nearby gas wells. Project feasibility is based on installation-specific resource availability and energy costs as well as detailed economic analysis based on accepted life-cycle cost methods (Appendix A). Waste-to-Energy

Executive SummaryThis document provides an overview of renewable resource potential at Yuma Proving Ground, based primarily upon analysis of secondary data sources supplemented with limited on-site evaluations. This effort focuses on grid-connected generation of electricity from renewable energy sources and ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) . SolarSolar photovoltaics (PV) were not found to be cost-effective without additional incentives. The presence of a RPS that features a DG clause creates a REC market that may allow PV systems to be economically feasible under certain conditions. The most economic solar project potential is for axis-tracking PV arrays as well as lower cost roof membrane arrays. A number of appropriate buildings for membrane arrays were identified, although a more thorough study should be conducted to explicitly identify candidate buildings. In short, although Yuma Proving Ground has some of the best solar resources of all Department of Defense locations, the access to very low cost power hampers the economic viability of these systems unless RECs sales can be leveraged. Details are given in Appendix E. Ground Source Heat PumpsRetrofitting existing heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems with GSHPs at Yuma Proving Ground was found to be economically feasible for a limited number of buildings and GSHP configurations. Moreover, GSHPs are eligible technologies for the DG REC market. To be eligible for the DG REC market, these GSHPs will need to displace APS power. The cost-effective building types identified need to be evaluated against the projected APS load requirements, before determining the total potential of GSHPs. Detailed results are provided in Appendix D.Other renewable technologies did not prove to be cost-effective or worthwhile to develop with current conditions and assumptions. Yuma Proving Ground does not have the necessary geothermal resources in proximity to develop economic geothermal power projects (Appendix C). In addition, Renewable Energy Opportunities at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, June 2010iv the proposed plant size would be excessive given Yuma Proving Ground's average load. The wasteto-energy projects evaluated at Yuma Proving Ground represent marginal potential. Given Yuma Proving Ground's relatively small waste generation quantity and the low population of the surrounding area, a waste-to-energy project will be challenging unless the REC market is leveraged to improve the overall project economics. However, because the majority of Yuma Proving Ground's energy is provided by a utility not governed by the RPS and small scale waste-to-energy projects (less than 1 MW) are generally not feasible, waste-to-energy projects, including landfill gas, are not recommended (Appendix B). Biomass projects suffer from similar constraints regarding feedstock quantity, proper sizing, and issues surrounding access to the DG REC market (Appendix B). Lastly, the wind resource was not sufficient to justify large or small scale wind p...