a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the results of numerous commercial and residential building simulations, with the purpose of examining the impact of climate change on peak and annual building energy consumption over the portion of the EIC (Eastern Interconnection) located in the United States. The climate change scenario considered includes changes in mean climate characteristics as well as changes in the frequency and duration of intense weather events. Simulations were performed using the BEND (Building ENergy Demand) model which is a detailed building analysis platform utilizing EnergyPlus™ as the simulation engine. Over 26,000 building configurations of different types, sizes, vintages, and characteristics representing the population of buildings within the EIC, are modeled across the three EIC time zones using the future climate from 100 target region locations, resulting in nearly 180,000 spatially relevant simulated demand profiles for three years selected to be representative of the general climate trend over the century. This approach provides a heretofore unprecedented level of specificity across multiple spectrums including spatial, temporal, and building characteristics. This capability enables the ability to perform detailed hourly impact studies of building adaptation and mitigation strategies on energy use and electricity peak demand within the context of the entire grid and economy.
SummaryThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is developing a voluntary national energy asset score that includes an energy asset scoring tool to help building owners evaluate their buildings with respect to the score. The goal of the energy asset score is to facilitate cost-effective investment in energy efficiency improvements of commercial buildings. The system will allow building owners and managers to compare their building infrastructure against peers and track building upgrade progress over time. The system can also help other building stakeholders (e.g., building operators, tenants, financiers, and appraisers) understand the relative efficiency of different buildings in a way that is independent from their operations and occupancy.DOE's long-term goal is to ensure that there is a linked set of compatible metrics and scoring approaches that building stakeholders can seamlessly use to effectively evaluate a building's as-built and in-operation efficiencies. DOE envisions these linked scores describing various aspects of building energy performance, such as the performance of building assets, performance of building operations, and how a building compares to its peers. Given this larger vision, the energy asset score is being designed to work in concert with tools such as ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. Where possible, the energy asset score incorporates methods that are consistent with ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager.Prior to beginning the energy asset score effort, DOE performed a market study to ensure that the energy asset score will help address market needs and fill identified gaps. In 2012, DOE began initial pilot testing of the energy asset score. As a result of that effort, improvements to the tool, training materials, and other aspects of the program have been made. In 2013, DOE will continue to assess the energy asset score through additional pilot testing as well as evaluations and analyses. Results from these efforts will be published in a separate document. In addition, this report will be updated periodically to reflect changes to the scoring methodology, the scoring tool, and other aspects of the program.This report outlines the technical protocol used to generate the energy asset score, explains the scoring methodology, and provides additional details regarding the energy asset scoring tool. This report also describes alternative methods that were considered prior to developing the current approach. Finally, this report describes a few features of the program where alternative approaches are still under evaluation. Energy Asset ScoreThe energy asset score enables building owners and managers to evaluate the as-built physical characteristics of buildings and overall building energy efficiency, independent of occupancy and operational choices. The physical characteristics evaluated include the building envelope, the mechanical and electrical systems, and other major energy-using equipment, such as commercial refrigeration. The energy asset score is generated by simulating building performance under...
A.1.5 Metric Recommendations Future measurements should consider breaking down the metric by customer type (e.g., residential, industrial, commercial) to provide greater clarity into consumer response to dynamic tariffs. In addition, data are needed to measure the fraction of load served by dynamic pricing as outlined in Metric 1.b. A series of questions designed to address this issue has been developed for the EIA. The EIA is considering adding questions relevant to this metric to its EIA Form 861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report, for implementation in 2014. Any relevant data collected by EIA through its Form 861 survey should be considered in future dynamic pricing metric reports.
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