A carefully managed recall program for children affected by MIH is essential with regard to the increasing importance of preventive and restorative measures.

The aim of this study was to compare ELISA, immunodiffusion and immunoblot for the detection of anti-Jo-1 antibodies, and to investigate the association of the results with clinical manifestations. In two medical centres for rheumatology and one for pulmonology, all patients with suspected connective tissue disease were screened over a 5-year period for anti-Jo-1 antibodies by ELISA. Positive sera were controlled in another laboratory by immunodiffusion. If immunodiffusion was negative, sera were controlled again by ELISA. ELISA-positive immunodiffusion-negative sera were tested by immunoblotting. The patients were characterised clinically, and their clinical signs and symptoms were compared with those of 257 patients with anti-Jo-1 antibodies published in 15 case series and 30 case reports. Twenty-five patients had a positive ELISA test. Fifteen sera were positive by ELISA and immunodiffusion (group 1). Three sera showed high titres in both ELISA tests with negative immunodiffusion and immunoblot (group 2). Seven sera showed low titres in both ELISA tests. The results were negative in the other tests (group 3). Patients in groups 1 and 2 could be classified as Jo-1 syndrome patients. Of these 18 patients, 15 had arthritis, 14 had myositis and 14 had interstitial lung disease. Only four patients had myositis at disease onset. We describe four unusual patients with Jo-1 syndrome in detail: 1. Long history of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis; 2. Sjögren's syndrome with Ro- and La-antibodies; 3. Scleroderma and bronchial carcinoma with centromere antibodies; 4. Corticoid-sensitive psychosis. Patients with suspected connective tissue disease may be screened for anti-Jo-1 antibodies by ELISA. It detects some patients that are missed by immunodiffusion. Especially lower ELISA titres should be controlled by another method because of the low specificity of the test. The clinical picture is variable. Most patients have features other than myositis at disease onset.

No abstract

The clonal relationship between oral and fecal Candida albicans isolated from children of pre-school age was examined using RAPD analysis. Significantly higher levels of C. albicans were found in saliva, dental plaque, carious specimens and stools of 56 patients with severe caries as compared to 52 healthy control subjects. The highest prevalence was found in carious specimens and a strong correlation was observed between its presence in saliva, dental plaque, carious specimen and feces. RAPD analysis of isolates from 23 patients with simultaneous oral and fecal C. albicans revealed clonal counterparts present in both oral and stool samples in 15 cases; five patients harbored closely related strains; and three patients harbored unrelated strains. Our results demonstrate a strong correlation between oral and gastrointestinal C. albicans colonization. We assume that carious teeth may constitute an ecologic niche for C. albicans potentially responsible for recurrent oral and non-oral candidiasis.

The Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome is a triad of congenital anomalies characterised by haemangiomas, varicosities, and unilateral bony and soft tissue hypertrophy. Hypertrophy usually affects one distal limb, but trunk or face may be affected. Cutaneous haemangiomas (nevus flammeus) of varying extent and irregular contour are often present in the hypertrophic regions. Varicosities may also be part of the vascular lesions of the syndrome. Orofacial manifestations include facial asymmetry, jaw enlargement, and malocclusions as well as premature tooth eruption. Two cases of the Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome are presented here. Both of these show the typical hemifacial hypertrophy and premature eruption of teeth on the affected side. In the first case only the left mandibular region was affected. In contrast, in the second there was hypertrophy of the whole left side of the body including upper and lower jaws. This boy also suffers from congenital ideokinetic retardation, while the first was otherwise normal. Both cases differ from previously reported cases of the Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome in lacking any prominent facial nevus flammeus. In the first case there was also malformation of the crown of the first permanent molar on the affected side that has not been described previously.

Microbiological analyses of saliva and swabs were obtained from carious lesions of 54 children and adolescents with carious teeth, and of 49 boys and girls with healthy teeth. Candida species were isolated from the saliva of 36 (66.7%) subjects with active caries, but from the saliva of only one (2%) of the 49 caries-free subjects. Candida was detected in material removed from the carious lesion in 44 (81.5%) of the children with caries. Thirty patients with carious teeth and colonized by Candida were randomly divided into three groups of 10 individuals each, and either treated by complete dental restoration, by local application of amphotericin B or by a combination of dental treatment plus amphotericin B. The final microbiological control showed that thorough dental treatment alone eliminated fungi from the oral cavity in 90% of cases, whereas the local application of amphotericin B alone had a minimal effect on the candidal colonization of carious lesions. When, in addition to dental treatment, amphotericin B was applied, fungi were completely eliminated from the oral cavity of all subjects.

The aim of this study was to compare the pulpal reactions after exposure due to trauma and/or caries and to suggest the appropriate treatment options for the management of pulp, in the light of the histological findings in the primary teeth. Fifteen primary maxillary incisors with pulpal exposure were examined with light microscope in a blind study. After the histological evaluation, teeth were divided into three groups for the etiological factors due to the exposure according to the patient's files: trauma group, caries group and caries and trauma group. The inflammatory infiltration was diminished from the pulp chamber towards the apical third of the root canal in all of the examined teeth. Teeth in the trauma group presented fewer inflammatory cells in the root canal in comparison with other groups. It was concluded that the teeth with traumatic pulp exposure were considered as more likely to respond positively to pulpotomy technique. Pulpectomy or extraction seemed to be indicated for the decayed or decayed and traumatically injured teeth.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed children after HTx (group III, n = 31), in children with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in children with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, carious lesions and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the DMF/dmf(T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, oral Candida colonization increased within group III from 28.5% [DMF/dmf(T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [DMF/dmf(T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between oral Candida colonization and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent Candida infections.