No abstract

Landfill leachate is a serious problem during treatment of municipal solid waste using landfill method. Less attention has been paid for the treatment of this leachate while this leachate is usually highly polluted. This study investigated the performances of nanofiltration membrane for treatment of landfill leachate (from Semarang, Indonesia). Landfill leachate was treated using NF99 nanofiltration membrane (pore size 200 Da). Synthetic leachate was used in this research which follows the characteristics of real leachate. Microfiltration (MF) membrane was used as a pretreatment before Nanofiltration (NF). The effect of pressure on membrane performance was observed. The membrane performance was examined for permeate flux and membrane rejection for TSS, TDS, and COD then compared to the effluent quality of existing leachate treatment. The rejection of COD, TSS and TDS were 96, 100 and 62%, respectively. The results suggest that the effluent had much better quality than the existing installation leachate treatment.

Abstract. Livestock waste from cattle farms in Tekelan village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency can be grouped into three types, namely solid waste, slurry and waste water. Solid waste (cow dung) was processed into compost, while slurry and waste water were used to make liquid fertilizer. This compost was used as a component of planting media in horticultural crops and potted plants production. We evaluated the toxicity (phytochemical and ecotoxicological) test of compost by using germination index (GI). Vigna radiata seeds are sown on filter paper dampened with compost extract for different times. GI was calculated by relative germination (G) and relative radical length (L). The germination index (GI) = G / G0 x L / L0 x 100, where G0 and L0 are values obtained by distilled water as a control. The results showed that germination bioassay and radical length using aquades and groundwater in Tekelan village did not affect the radical length of Vigna radiata . Technically, groundwater in Tekelan village can be used as a germination bioassay control. The cow dung compost substrate appears to have a major influence on compost toxicity. Mature compost was produced on day 14 with a GI of 104.03.

Oil exploration waste, also called produced water, contains hazardous pollutants, such as benzene; benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX); naphthalene, phenanthrene, and dibenzothiophene (NDP); polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and phenol. Produced water is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil content, which exceed the standard limits of regulation. In this study, the combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and ozone pre-treatment and post-treatment were applied for treatment of produced water to minimize its environmental impact. Produced water and membrane were characterized, and their ultrafiltration performance for removal of oil content, benzene, toluene, xylene, and COD. Two commercial Polyethersulfone membranes, with molecular-weight cut-off values of 10 and 20 kDa, were used. The membrane flux profile illustrated that ozone pre-treatment had higher normalized flux than UF only. Separation performance was evaluated based on flux profile and removal of COD, oil and grease content, toluene, and xylene. Significant finding was found where the combination of UF with ozone pre-treatment and post-treatment could significantly eliminate COD, oil content, toluene, and xylene. The rejection of these components was found higher than conventional process, which was in the range of 80 % to 99 %. In addition, almost oil and grease can be removed by using this combined system. Permeate quality of this system confirmed the acceptable level as water discharge.

Limbah Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (RPH) Kota Semarang yang didominasi oleh rumen sapijika tidak diolah dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada manusia dan kerusakan lingkungan.Dampak negatif dari limbah adalah proses pembuangan dan pembersihannya memerlukan biayaserta efeknya dapat mencemari lingkungan. Hal ini mendorong adanya inovasi dan pengembanganteknologi pengolahan air limbah yang murah dan mudah operasional dan pemeliharaannya sertabiaya yang sedikit. Upaya meningkatkan keuntungan akan keberadaan limbah dilakukan caramengolah limbah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat dan bernilai jual. Keuntungan yang bisa diperolehdari proses pengolahan limbah tersebut menjadi biogas, bioenergi, dan pupuk. Pupuk yangmengandung magnesium yang tinggi yang beredar di pasaran biasanya berbentuk granul/ serbuk.Apabila tanaman mengalami kekurangan magnesium maka akan menyebabkan kuningnya daun danmenghambat proses fotosintesis yang terjadi di daun.Penambahan limbah garam pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kandunganunsur hara makro C,N,P,K, dan Mg, tidak mencemari lingkungan, tidak merusak struktur tanah, sertamudah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Variasi rasio serat kasar dengan cairan rumen bertujuan untukmengetahui kandungan paling optimum,antara lain: 100:0 ,75:25 , 50:50 , 25:75 , 0:100 (seratkasar:cairan rumen). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan limbah garam tidakmempengaruhi terhadap kandungan unsur hara C-Organik dan Nitrogen, sedangkan pada kandunganFospor, Kalium, dan Magnesium memiliki pengaruh dari penambahan limbah garam. Kandunganunsur hara makro paling optimum yaitu C-Organik pada fermentor B1 sebesar 1,44%, Ntotal padafermentor B2 sebesar 0,73%, Fospor (P2O5) pada fermentor B3 sebesar 2,243%, Kalium padafermentor B3 sebesar 13,05, dan Mg pada fermentor B3 sebesar 26,82%. Meskipun demikian, pupukorganik cair ini belum memenuhi persyaratan teknis Permentan No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011tentang pupuk organik, pupuk hayati dan pembenah tanah