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Abstract-Structures built in aggressive environments such as in the sea/marine environment need to be carefully designed, due to possibility of chloride ion penetration into the concrete. One way to reduce the strength degradation in such environment is to use FRP, which is attached to the surface of R/C using epoxy. The study presented is focused on determining the effect of the sea water to the capacity of GFRP as flexural reinforcement elements. Beams of 10×10×40 cm dimension were designed without reinforcing bars. The samples were tested using variation to the distance to the sea and duration of the contact to the sea.The result showed that the use GFRP increased the flexural strength 84,21%, compared to the normal beam, without GFRP. It can also be seen that the closer the distance to the sea, the higher the strength degradation of the beam. The sample rinsed in the water has strength 2.13 kN after 9 months, while sample put at a distance 1 km from the seam has strength 2.53 kN. The result of this study also showed that for areas closer to the sea has a greater effect in terms decreasing flexural capacity of the beam IndexTerms-Flexural strength, GFRP, marine environment.

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Abstract-An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the structural behavior of beam which was strengthened by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP-S). The Experimental was carried out to determine the effect of fatigue loads on flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams. Each specimen was 6 m long with 300x500 mm rectangular cross section. Each specimen was treated with different loads. In this study using two different loads applied to the beam was static loads and fatigue loads.

The losses incurred due soils ekspansivity primarily on lightweight structures are staggering. Erecting moisture barrier at the road side is a combination of providing a positive treatment and construction structures necessary to control water content change in the soil layer. This study aims to determine behavior of suction, moisture barrier effects on suction head reduction, and the laboratory experimental model of suction head profile. The test model was made to resemble half of the road width with a load of 30 kPa on it, and install a concrete wall moisture barrier at road side with a depth variation of 20cm, 35cm and 50cm. Observation of time and water infiltration carried out on 8 observatories, also the amount of swelling through a dial that is placed above the concrete slab load. The results showed an increase in capillary water in front bulkhead for all variations of moisture barrier depth and water height reduction occurred in the rear bulkhead respectively 3.25%, 21.25% and 45% for the ratio of bulkhead height and expansive soil thickness h/H = 0.44, h/H = 0.78 and h/H = 1.11. Also reduction of swelling respectively by 4.46%, 52.69% and 82.53% for each ratio h/H.

The lot deposit of Domato Stone as local material from sea location in Banggai island in half Sulawesi of Indonesia. Was still not be exploited better. Some research in the field of road construction showed that Domato Stone was powerful enough when mixture asphalt structure. Permeable asphalt pavement or porous friction course is commonly known as porous asphalt. The porous pavement used in Japan and Europe. The pavement consists in a porous overlay allowing rainwater to flow down to the bottom the overlay and then to drain on the edges of the pavement. Quality of porous asphalt was developed to drain pavement surface flow through its pores, because of is specific properties to measure its ability to drain the water ( Permeability ), a special measur-ing device is required. This study is aimed to measure the coefficient of permeability using the constant head permeability test at transportation laboratory Hasanuddin University. The result was compared with the previous study. The test included horizontal and vertical permeability. Their types of gradation were incorporated to: British Graduation, Binamarga Gradation, and Australian Gradation. The tests were carried out at optimum bitumen content, the result shows that the verti-cal permeability of porous asphalt using British Gradation were: 0,0914, 0,2841 and 0,2912 Cm/sec. Respectively meanwhile for horizontal permeability were 0,1168, 03212, 0,2897 Cm/Sec. The Marshall stabilities were at on contrary to the permeabilities, the porosity was comparable to the permeabilities. The results of researches indicate that porous asphalt mixture showed an influ-ence on the value of the characteristics of porous asphalt particularly at concrete waste fraction grading 50% retained 1/2 " and 50% natural crushed stone retained 3/8" where the values obtained from the analysis of optimum binder content is 9.5%. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) can be seen the microstructure and content of chemical elements present in the porous as-phalt which prove that all elements of the liquid asbuton and concrete waste can blend and bind well.

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