Summary The dynamic development of information technology, especially the Internet, which has taken place in recent years has brought many new opportunities to use the Internet in business operations. The Internet has created new opportunities for the development of enterprises. It was its dynamic boom that enabled e-commerce to gain in importance, and along with it made the changes in consumer behavior in terms of place, time and purchasing conditions. The aim of the paper is to present the key aspects in the development of relationships as a basis for building loyalty and creating value for the customer. Attainment of the objective will be aided by presentation of the results of survey regarding the identification of the measures taken to maintain lasting relationships that allow to build loyalty and create value for the customer. In addition, the study will identify the actions conducive to the growth of customer loyalty, which can be helpful in conducting e-business. In the research procedure we have used the analysis of the literature, statistical data and the results of the questionnaire study on the presented issues with customers from Lubuskie voivodship.
Purpose:The paper aims to show the positive and negative effects of remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic in small enterprises in Poland. The study is both theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part shows the essence and factors that influence working from home. The practical part presents a survey conducted among employees on the positive and negative effects of remote working. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methods used in the study include the literature analysis and the selection, deduction, and synthesis of secondary and primary empirical source materials. The author's questionnaire as a research tool was used to obtain preliminary data. The questionnaire addressed small business employees who had to switch to the home office due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-seven employees of small enterprises located in various regions of Poland participated in the study. Findings:The study has revealed the positive and negative effects of remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most frequently cited positive effects of working from home were more excellent timeliness and employee commitment, positive relations between employees and managers, increased satisfaction with the effects of work, and the possibility of flexible working time at home. Practical Implications: Other positive effects included the possibility of combining professional and household duties, casual dress code, calm atmosphere, lack of constant supervision, saving time and money due to the lack of commutes, and the possibility of raising IT skills. The respondents referred to the limited access to the company's resources and documents and the lack of complete control of managers over employees. Originality/Value: The article covers current issues and presents problems regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is a new contribution to research in the context of the impact of the pandemic on remote working. It reveals the behavior of employees and managerial decisions regarding the functioning of enterprises in the pandemic.
Energy issues are multifaceted and are not limited to power plants, biogas plants or transmission lines. They also include the production, usage and utilisation of batteries and accumulators, which are increasingly valuable due to, among other things, the decision to develop the production of electric cars. This article creates new ground by analysing the European Union management system of batteries and accumulators in the cause–effect context. This paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case—a deep analysis of the Polish management system of batteries and accumulators. The findings show that the public institutions in the analysed European Union Member State—Poland—were not ready to create a fully coherent and effective oversight system on managing batteries and accumulators. It may limit the reliability of the European Union’s reporting on battery and accumulator management, which is a part of the European energy policy. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing a theory of energy resource management; second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive management system of waste batteries and accumulators, which is an important part of the European Battery Alliance. Moreover, the avenues for further research emerged from the present study.
Wpływ globalizacji na zachowania konsumentów w województwie lubuskim w świetle badań
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