A facile strategy is reported for design and preparation of flexible micro‐supercapacitors on a chip based on patterned electrodes of conducting polyaniline nanowire arrays. The interdigital microelectrode is produced by combining microfabrication technology and an in‐situ chemical polymerization approach. The assembled flexible micro‐supercapacitor showed superior volumetric capacitance, fast rate capability and reduced leakage current using H2SO4‐ polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolytes.

The high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) normally require optimized morphology in their bulk heterojunction active layers. Herein, a small-molecule donor is designed and synthesized, and single-crystal structural analyses reveal its explicit molecular planarity and compact intermolecular packing. A promising narrow bandgap small-molecule with absorption edge of more than 930 nm along with our home-designed small molecule is selected as electron acceptors. To the best of our knowledge, the binary all-small-molecule OSCs achieve the highest efficiency of 14.34% by optimizing their hierarchical morphologies, in which the donor or acceptor rich domains with size up to ca. 70 nm, and the donor crystals of tens of nanometers, together with the donor-acceptor blending, are proved coexisting in the hierarchical large domain. All-small-molecule photovoltaic system shows its promising for high performance OSCs, and our study is likely to lead to insights in relations between bulk heterojunction structure and photovoltaic performance.

This paper presents an analysis of the cost of utilizing battery electric vehicle (BEV) batteries as energy storage in power grids [also known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G)] associated with lessening battery cycle life due to more frequent charging and discharging activities and utilization in elevated ambient temperature. Comparison is made between V2G in the U.K., where annual electricity peak demand is reached in winter, and in China, where peak demand is reached in summer due to the air conditioning load. This paper presents mathematical correlations between charging-discharging, ambient temperature, depth of discharge (DoD), and the degradation of electric vehicle batteries based on manufacturer's data. Simulation studies were carried out for V2G in both the U.K. and China. Numerical results show that ambient temperature and DoD of a BEV battery play a crucial role in the cost of battery wear. Lead-acid and NiMH battery powered BEVs are not cost effective in V2G use due to the present electricity tariff. Under the present electricity tariff structure, no vehicles would be cost effective for the peak power sources in China. However, lithium-ion battery powered BEVs are cost effective in the U.K. due to a much longer cycle life. Index Terms-Electric vehicle (EV), battery cycle life, battery wear, vehicle-to-grid (V2G).

A new symmetrical sugar‐based perylenediimide derivative PTCDI‐BAG is synthesized and its aggregate morphologies and formation mechanisms are studied in detail in the mixed solvent system water/N,N‐dimethylformamide (H2O/DMF) with changing volume ratios. PTCDI‐BAG molecules self‐assemble into planar ribbons in 20/80 and 40/60 H2O/DMF (v/v), but their chiralities are opposite according to recorded circular dichroism (CD) spectra. With a further increase of the water content, only left‐handed helical nanowires are obtained in 60/40 and 80/20 H2O/DMF (v/v) mixtures. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the experimental investigations, it is proposed that kinetic and thermodynamic factors play key roles in tuning PTCDI‐BAG structures and helicity. The formation of the ribbon is thermodynamically controlled in the 20/80 H2O/DMF system, but kinetically controlled nucleation followed by thermodynamically controlled self‐assembly plays the governing roles for the formation of nanoribbons in 40/60 H2O/DMF. Devices based on single nanoribbons for hydrazine sensing exhibit better performance than nanofiber bundles obtained in this study and achiral nanostructures reported in previous study. This study not only provides an elaborated route to tuning the structures and helicity of PTCDI molecules, but also provides new possibilities for the construction of high‐performance nanodevices.

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Ammonia sensory properties based on conductometric gas sensors composed of single-crystalline micro/nanostructures of PTCDI-C 12 , PTCDI-Br 2 C 12 , and PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 were investigated, and it was found that the core-cyanated PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 sensor was response to NH3 gas. The initial sensitivity of the PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 sensor had a value of 40%, then slightly decreased to 37% in 24 h, and could still keep a stable value of 37% after its exposure to air for 14 days. Detailed studies indicated that the addition of the strong electron-withdrawing group, CN, caused a significant decreasing of the reduction potential of PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 , which led to a notable increasing of the current of PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 nanobelts with their exposure to NH3 gas due to the efficient charge exchange occurring between the PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 and NH3 molecules so as to show that it is highly sensitive to NH3 molecules. The low LUMO energy level and highly ordered arrangement in nanobelts determined that the sensitivity of the PTCDI-CN 2 C 12 sensor could keep a stable value even though it was exposed to air for 14 days. It is expected that this study can provide some valuable information for fabricating organic sensing devices with good sensitivity and stability.

Choroidal thickness decreased 12 weeks after PRP, suggesting that PRP may reduce choroidal vascular permeability or cause atrophy of choroidal vessels over a 12-week period.

Chiral amplification and discrimination are great challenges in both scientific and technological research fields such as chemical synthesis, chiral catalysis, and biomedicine. By mimicking protein superstructures in nature, chiral conducting polyaniline (PANI) molecules induced by chiral dopants were self-assembled to ultra-ordered superhelical microfibers. The induced homochirality is observed to be amplified into different hierarchies, from chiral molecules to helical nanostructures, and to superhelical microstructures. Furthermore, both experimental and theoretical results indicated that the gas sensor made from a single PANI helical microfiber showed enantioselective discrimination to chiral aminohexane, giving it great potential for applications in online chiral discrimination.