Background:Myosin X (MYO10) was recently reported to promote tumour invasion by transporting integrins to filopodial tips in breast cancer. However, the role of MYO10 in tumours remains poorly defined. Here, we report that MYO10 is required in invadopodia to mediate invasive growth and extracellular matrix degradation, which depends on the binding of MYO10's pleckstrin homology domain to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.Methods:The expression of MYO10 and its associations with clinicopathological and biological factors were examined in breast cancer cells and breast cancer specimens (n=120). Cell migration and invasion were investigated after the silencing of MYO10. The ability of cells to form invadopodia was studied using a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated gelatin degradation assay. A mouse model was established to study tumour invasive growth and metastasis in vivo.Results:Elevated MYO10 levels were correlated with oestrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Silencing MYO10 reduced cell migration and invasion. Invadopodia were responsible for MYO10's role in promoting invasion. Furthermore, decreased invasive growth and lung metastasis were observed in the MYO10-silenced nude mouse model.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that elevated MYO10 expression increases the aggressiveness of breast cancer; this effect is dependent on the involvement of MYO10 in invadopodial formation.

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This article studies the problems of exponential stabilization and ℒ2‐gain performance for networked control systems (NCSs) with transmission delays and periodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks by exploring a resilient event‐triggered communication mechanism. First, a new resilient event‐triggered mechanism is developed to eliminate the adverse effects of network congestion caused by DoS attacks and decrease redundant communication so as to ensure efficient utilization of the limited network resources. The threshold parameter in the predefined event‐triggered condition can be adjusted according to the dynamic characteristics of the system. Then, an event‐driven control protocol is proposed, and a new switched NCS model is constructed. Sufficient conditions are then presented to ensure the exponential stability and ℒ2‐gain performance of the resulting closed‐loop system. Moreover, a co‐design scheme of the parameters in the event‐triggered condition and the controller gain is provided. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the new design techniques are verified through a comparative study for a robot manipulator control system.

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A special type of multi-variate polynomial of degree 4, called the double well potential function, is studied. When the function is bounded from below, it has a very unique property that two or more local minimum solutions are separated by one local maximum solution, or one saddle point. Our intension in this paper is to categorize all possible configurations of the double well potential functions mathematically. In part Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the important features of the problem and the mapping in between.

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