ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak kulit batang dan kulit buah manggis (Gracinia mangostana L.) sebagai antibakteri 5%, 6,25%, 7%, 7,75%, 8,5%, dan 4,5%, 5,25%, 6%, 6,75%, 7 ABSTRACT A research on combined the effectiveness Test of combination of tree bark and rind extract of Mangosteen (Gracinia mangostana L.) as antibacteria on Shigella dysenteriae to know the effective concentration of tree bark and rind extract of Mangosteen in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae had been conducted from March to May 2011. Research method used is disk diffusion (Kirby-bauer). The obtained concentration in preliminary test MIC which were used to exam combined effectiveness test of each tree bark and rind extract of mangosteen were 5,5 % ; 6,25 % ; 7 % ; 7,75 % ; 8,5 % and 4,5 % ; 5,25 % ; 6 % ; 6,75 % ; 7,5 %. Antibiotic Chloramphenicol 50
Sponges are the subject of interesting antibiotic development studies because the sponges form associations with various microbes and are rich in bioactive compounds. Bacteria associated with sponges are able to produce bioactive compounds, which have the potential to be antimicrobial such as, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral. Antifungal compounds are bioactive compounds that have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi of Candida albicans. This fungal is an opportunistic pathogen fungi that can cause candidiasis. This study aimed to examine the antifungal activity of bacteria associated Aplysina sp. sponge from Enggano Island, North Bengkulu, Indonesia against Candida albicans. Antagonistic tests were carried out in three stages, by using isolates, pellets and supernatants respectively. The antagonistic assay results showed that four isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans in Vitro, i.e APD3, APD10, APD11 and APD15. The highest inhibitory activity was resulted by APD10 isolate with a clear zone area of 14.9 mm in culture, 14,0 mm in pellets and 15.1 mm in supernatants. The morphological, Gram staining and biochemical characterization showed that the four isolates had a close relationship with the genus of Bacillus.
Pulau Enggano merupakan salah satu pulau terluar di Indonesia yang memiliki keragaman biota yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya adalah hewan spons. Spons adalah sekelompok hewan multiseluler, memiliki ciri tubuh berpori, dan organisme invertebrata berguna dalam memproduksi senyawa bioaktif. Bakteri yang terkait dengan spons dapat menjadi sumber alternatif senyawa bioaktif baru, terutama antimikrob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bakteri yang terkait dengan Aplysina sp. asal Pulau Enggano sebagai penghasil senyawa antimikrob melawan mikrob patogen. Total 263 isolat berhasil diisolasi pada media agar-agar Sea water Complete (SWC). Isolat bakteri potensial selanjutnya diidentifikasi dengan pengamatan morfologi, pewarnaan Gram, serta dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia. Hasil uji aktivitas antimikrob dari 16 isolat terpilih melalui uji antagonis, supernatan dan pelet terhadap mikrob patogen Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa dan Candida albicans menunjukkan bahwa isolat ENG-4 memiliki kemampuanmenghambat pada dua mikrob pathogen yaitu E. coli, S. aureus. Isolat ENG-4 termasuk ke dalam bakteri gram positif dan merujuk pada genus Bacillus berdasarkan uji biokimia.POTENTIAL OF ISOLATE Bacillus sp. ENG-4 ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE SPONGE Aplysina sp. PRODUCING ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM ENGGANO ISLAND. Enggano Island is one of the outer islands in Indonesia that has a high diversity of marine biota, one of them are sponges. Sponge is a group of multicellular animals, has a characteristic porous body, and invertebrate organisms are useful in producing bioactive compounds. Bacteria associated with sponges can be an alternative source of new bioactive compounds, especially antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the potential of bacteria associated with Aplysina sp. from Enggano island as a producer of antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic microbes. Total 263 isolates were successfully isolated in Sea water Complete (SWC) agar media. Potential isolates were further identified morphologically, Gram staining, and also biochemical tests. The results of the antimicrobial activity test of 16 selected isolates through antagonist, supernatant and pellet tests on pathogenic microbes of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans showed that the ENG-4 isolate had the ability to inhibit two spesies of pathogens which are E. coli and S. aureus. ENG-4 isolate belong to gram-positive bacteria and refer to the genus Bacillus based on biochemical tests.
Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that degraded xylan into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. Nowadays, the xylanases play a major important role in the industrial products, in the field of paper, pulp, food, beverage, pharmaceutical and animal feed. This study was to characterize and optimize xylanase produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 isolated from the seagrass substrates in Enggano Island. The seagrass substrates were collected from Banjar Sari Beach, Enggano Island. Isolation of bacteria from seagrass substrates using 0.5% beechwood xylan agar medium. The isolates were screened by morphological characters. Colonies which produced clear zone were presumed as xylanolytic bacteria furthermore they were selected for determination of xylanase enzyme activity. The selected potential xylanolytic isolate was identify based on 16S rRNA. The results of this study showed that a total of 22 bacteria were isolated. Based on clear zone screening, EL-8 isolate indicated more potentially than the other 21 isolates. The crude enzyme production of EL-8 showed the highest activity at 18 hours incubation with the enzyme activity of 0.831 U/mL. This crude enzyme optimally worked at pH 5, temperature 45 °C with the enzyme activity 2.836 U/mL. EL-8 isolate has a close relationship with Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 based on 16S rRNA gene identification.
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