Respiratory failure (RF) is the main cause of hospital admission in HIV/AIDS patients. This study assessed comorbidities and laboratory parameters in HIV/AIDS inpatients with RF (N = 58) in relation to those without RF (N = 36). Tuberculosis showed a huge relative risk and platelet counts were slightly higher in HIV/AIDS inpatients with RF. A flow cytometry assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed lower levels in platelets of these patients in relation to the healthy subjects. However, when stimulated with adrenaline, ROS levels increased in platelets and platelet-derived microparticles of HIV/AIDS inpatients, which may increase the risk of RF during HIV and tuberculosis (HIV-TB) coinfection.
Background The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and late diagnosis still account for a large part of HIV-associated mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Herein, we describe HIV-associated morbidity among hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression and assess the comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and immunological markers associated with mortality. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) in Manaus, Brazil. In all, 83 participants aged between 12 and 70 years were enrolled by convenience within 72 h of their hospitalisation. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. We prospectively measured the cytokines Th1/Th2/Th17 and inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-12 using cytometric bead array, and the soluble CD14 using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The HIV/AIDS inpatients presented a scenario of respiratory syndromes as the most prevalent comorbidity. Almost all patients had CD4 T counts below 350 cells/mL and the mortality rate was 20.5%. Pulmonary tuberculosis, neurotoxoplasmosis and oropharyngeal–esophageal candidiasis were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. TB and weight loss were more prevalent in HIV/AIDS inpatients who died. The Mann Whitney analysis showed that those who died had higher platelet distribution width (PDW) on admission, which is suggestive for platelet activation. The Poisson multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of TB, digestive syndrome and increases in IL-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) associated to death. Conclusions The advanced immunosuppression characterized by the opportunistic infections presented in these HIV/AIDS inpatients was the major factor of mortality. The role of platelet activation in worse outcomes of hospitalisation and the IL-8 associated with the context of advanced immunosuppression may be promising markers in the prediction of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients.
Introduction: Obesity is determined by energy imbalance between consumed calories and spent calories. The projection is that by 2025, about 2.3 billion adults are overweight and over 700 million obese, being largely associated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify whether biological and social-behavioral factors are associated with the prevalence of overweight / obesity in a sample of young university students. Method: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amazonas. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 174 participants with an average age of 21 (± 4.3) years, from the Federal University of Amazonas, were evaluated. They were students of Physical Therapy and Physical Education Courses. A self-administered questionnaire was used, which included personal and behavioral data, anthropometric data and seated blood pressure measurements. The blood collection analyzed lipid profile, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and insulin cytokines. The Poisson regression model was used, considering in the final model those variables with p <0.05. Results: The study showed that 42% (n = 73) of the individuals evaluated were overweight / obese. The variables significantly associated with overweight / obesity after Poisson analysis were elevated diastolic blood pressure, elevated hip circumference, high neck circumference, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: It was observed in the study that the behavioral and anthropometric determinants were significantly associated with the increase in the prevalence of overweight / obesity in the sample evaluated. It should be noted that alcohol consumption, from one to five times a week, was significantly associated with the prevalence analyzed.
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