The recent exploration of yacon demands scientific information for improving the crop production technology. This study aimed to set a leaf area estimate model for yacon plants, using non-destructive measurements of leaf length (L) and/or width (W). Sixty-four representative yacon plants were randomly selected in an experimental field during the full vegetative growth. One thousand leaves of various sizes were taken from those plants for setting and validating a model. The logarithmic model best fitted this purpose, the result of multiplying length by width being used as independent variable. Yacon leaf area can be determined with high precision and accuracy by LALW = (-27.7418 + (3.9812LW / ln LW ) , disregarding the leaf size.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi formular substratos, a partir do caroço de açaí triturado fermentado, para produção de mudas de quiabo e tomate. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramentecasualizado, e os tratamentos constituídos por cinco substratos (1: 100% de caroço de açaí triturado fermentado; 2: 75% de caroço de açaí triturado fermentado e 25% de substrato comercial Basaplant v/v; 3: 50% de caroçode açaí triturado fermentado e 50% de substrato comercial Basaplant v/v; 4: 25% de caroço de açaí triturado fermentado e 75% de substrato comercial Basaplant v/v; 5: 100% de substrato comercial Basaplant). As formulaçõesforam testadas com a cultivar: Santa Cruz-47 de quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus), e a cultivar: Santa Clara de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum). Ao final do experimento foram avaliados: número de folhas e área foliar, altura, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. De maneira geral, observaram-se melhores resultados nas mudas produzidas em substrato contendo 75% de caroço de açaí triturado fermentando com 25% de substrato comercial Basaplant. O uso do substrato formulado com 75% de caroço de açaí triturado fermentando e com 25% de substrato comercial Basaplant, promoveu maior crescimento das mudas de quiabo e tomate.
Yacon is a functional food with great potential for horticultural exploitation and its cultivation demands the generation of agronomic information. To address these needs, this study was performed to evaluate the production of yacon planted in different planting seasons under two growing conditions in Brazil. The experiments were conducted in two different locations, one in the mountain region (tropical microclimate at altitude with milder temperatures) and the other in the lowland region (warm tropical microclimate with higher temperatures). At both sites, yacon was planted in four seasons: autumn (April), winter (July), spring (September) and summer (December). At harvest, the tuberous roots were evaluated for leaf area index and the variables of vegetative development and productivity of plants (for total and standard commercial roots). It was concluded that yacon cultivation in mountain conditions (tropical climate with milder temperature) promotes the development and production of yacon. Additionally, planting in the autumn for both growing conditions (mountain or lowland) promotes the development and production of yacon, including increased production of roots of better commercial grade, allowing greater economic profitability. These results indicate that temperature has an influence on the growth and yield of the tuberous roots of yacon, and milder temperatures were more favourable.
This research aimed to catalog insects that cause injury to the yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius, família Asteraceae) crop, in order to identify those who may cause damage. The study was carried out in Alegre, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Cultivation began in May 2013 and the harvest was done 180 days later. Three species from the Coleoptera order: Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae); Cerotoma arcuata and Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and two species from the Lepidoptera order: Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) were observed causing damage to the yacon crop. The caterpillar C. lacinia saundersii, known as sunflower caterpillar, was the most important species, being observed throughout the yacon cycle.
Coffee is one of the main agricultural commodities in the world. Thus, research aimed at reducing the productive risks of the crop has been increasingly encouraged, among which the use of plant hormones stands out. In addition, the objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the application of indole-3-acetic acid on the growth, nutrition and gas exchange of young Coffea arabica L plants. The experiment was carried out in the field in the city of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, testing the effect of the application of five doses of indole-3-acetic acid in young Arabica coffee plants, in four replications. The application of indole-3-acetic acid stimulates the growth rate of the stem diameter at a concentration of 60 mg L -1 , as well as gas exchange in coffee plants, however it did not favor the increase in the substomatic concentration of CO2 instantaneous and intrinsic efficiency in water use and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Although the application of EIA was not able to provide direct gains in coffee growth during the experimental period, a longer evaluation of the treatments would possibly provide promising results for the coffee crop. The multivariate analysis showed that higher doses of auxin have a high relationship with the macronutrients studied.
a. SHORT COMMUNICATIONBalanço energético e diagnóstico de qualidade do algodoeiro cultivado com sementes nativas em Lima, Peru Energy balance and quality diagnosis of cotton cultivated with native seeds in Lima, Peru ResumoEstudos que apontem o fluxo energético dos agroecossistemas são de grande importância para a produção agrícola mundial, a fim de alcançar uma agricultura mais sustentável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a eficiência energética e realizar o diagnóstico de qualidade em um sistema de cultivo do algodoeiro em Lima, Peru. Foram adotadas metodologias participativas para promover maior interação entre o agricultor e os pesquisadores, a fim de obter o maior número possível de informações a respeito do agroecossistema. O balanço energético foi realizado pela relação entre a produção alcançada (saída) e os gastos energéticos (entrada). Já o diagnóstico de qualidade foi construído através das notas observadas pelo agricultor. Conclui-se que o sistema de cultivo do algodoeiro apresentou balanço energético positivo não satisfatório e baixos indicadores de qualidade para as características aspecto nutricional, competição com plantas espontâneas e arborização.Palavras chave: Gossypium barbadense; desenvolvimento sustentável; aspecto nutricional. AbstractStudies of energy flow in agroecosystems are very important in agricultural production worldwide, in order to achieve a more sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to characterize the energy efficiency and to perform a quality diagnosis of cotton in a cultivation system in Lima, Peru. Participatory methodologies have been adopted to promote greater interaction between farmers and researchers to obtain information about the agroecosystem. The energy balance was achieved by the ratio between achieved production (output) and energy expenditure (input). The quality diagnosis was constructed through the scores observed by the farmer.In conclusion, the cotton cultivation system presented an unsatisfactory positive energy balance and low quality diagnosis related to nutritional factor, weed competition and afforestation.
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