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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficits accompanied by neuronal damage and cholinergic disorders. Sesamol, a lignan component in sesame oil, has been proven to have neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the preventive effects of sesamol on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cholinergic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were pretreated with sesamol (100 mg/kg/d, p.o.) for 30 days. Behavioral tests indicated that sesamol supplement prevented SCOP-induced cognitive deficits. Sesamol enhanced the expression of neurotrophic factors and postsynaptic density (PSD) in SCOP-treated mice, reversing neuronal damage and synaptic dysfunction. Importantly, sesamol could balance the cholinergic system by suppressing the AChE activity and increasing the ChAT activity and M1 mAChR expression. Sesamol treatment also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and overactivation of microglia in SCOP-treated mice. Meanwhile, sesamol improved the antioxidant enzyme activity and suppressed oxidative stress in SCOP-treated mice and ameliorated the oxidized cellular status and mitochondrial dysfunction in SCOP-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that sesamol attenuated SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction via balancing the cholinergic system and reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Scope The total polar components (TPC) in the edible oil are produced during the frying process, and excessive intake of TPC may lead to metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the preventive effects of sesamol, a functional component from sesame, on suppressing TPC production, and on the deep‐frying oil (DFO)‐induced liver lipid metabolism disorders and gut homeostasis disruption. Methods and results Sesamol addition (0.2 mg mL−1) improves the quality of the soybean oil by reducing the production of TPC during the deep‐frying process (180 °C for 40 h). The diet‐induced obesity model is established by feeding mice with a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Either sesamol pre‐treated DFO or sesamol supplementation (0.2%, w/w) in the diet reduces the liver lipid accumulation in the obese mice by increasing lipolysis‐related genes expression. Sesamol elevates the antioxidant enzyme activities, protectes the integrity of the jejunum and colon barrier, and enhances the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia in obese mice. Conclusion Sesamol suppresses TPC production and prolongs the use time of deep‐frying oil. Meanwhile, sesamol can improve TPC‐induced liver lipid metabolism disorders and gut dysbiosis, thus reducing the health risks associated with deep‐fried food.

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