Chlamydia trachomatis, one species of Chlamydia spp., has the greatest impact on human health and is the main cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases and preventable blindness among all Chamydia spp. species. The obligate intracellular parasitism and unique biphasic developmental cycle of C. trachomatis are the main barriers for the development of tools of genetic manipulation. The past decade has witnessed significant gains in genetic manipulation of C. trachomatis, including chemical mutagenesis, group II intron-based targeted gene knockout, fluorescence-reported allelic exchange mutagenesis (FRAEM), CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and the recently developed transposon mutagenesis. In this review, we discuss the current status of genetic manipulations of C. trachomatis and highlights new challenges in the nascent field of Chlamydia genetics.
Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. A rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic assay would be benefit for C. psittaci infection control. In this study, an assay combining recombinase-aided amplification and a lateral flow strip (RAA-LF) for the detection of active C. psittaci infection was developed. The RAA-LF assay targeted the CPSIT_RS02830 gene of C. psittaci and could be accomplished in 15 min at a single temperature (39°C). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was as low as 1 × 100 copies/μl and no cross-reaction with some other intracellular pathogens was observed. Moreover, all feces samples from mice infected with C. psittaci at day-1 post-infection were positive in the RAA-LF assay. In conclusion, the RAA-LF assay provides a convenient, rapid, specific and sensitive method for detection of active C. psittaci infection and it is also suitable for C. psittaci detection in field.
Objective: Hyalomma marginatum is an important arthropod vector in the transmission of various zoonoses. The aim of this study was to identify the tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) maintained in Hy. marginatum in Tibet and to estimate the risk of human tick-borne diseases. Methods: Adult Hy. marginatum ticks (n = 14) feeding on yaks were collected. The individual DNA samples of these ticks were sequenced with metagenomic next-generation sequencing to survey the presence of TBPs. TBPs in individual ticks were identified with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with DNA sequencing. Results: The presence of Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia in individual ticks was indicated by the taxonomic profiles at the genus level, but only Rickettsia aeschlimannii (100%, 13/13) was further detected in the ticks by nested PCR. Conclusion: This study provides information on the microbial communities of Hy. marginatum in Tibet, China, and provides the first report of R. aeschlimannii found in Hy. marginatum in Tibet. The results of this study indicated that yaks in Tibet are exposed to R. aeschlimannii.
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