International audienceThe ply elastic constants needed for classical lamination theory analysis of multi-directional laminates may differ from those obtained from unidirectional laminates because of three dimensional effects. In addition, the unidirectional laminates may not be available for testing. In such cases, full-field displacement measurements offer the potential of identifying several material properties simultaneously. For that, it is desirable to create complex displacement fields that are strongly influenced by all the elastic constants. In this work, we explore the potential of using a laminated plate with an open-hole under traction loading to achieve that and identify all four ply elastic constants (E 1 , E 2 , ν 12 , G 12 ) at once. However, the accuracy of the identified properties may not be as good as properties measured from individual tests due to the complexity of the experiment, the relative insensitivity of the measured quantities to some of the properties and the various possible sources of uncertainty. It is thus important to quantify the uncertainty (or confidence) with which these properties are identified. Here, Bayesian identification is used for this purpose, because it can readily model all the uncertainties in the analysis and measurements, and because it provides the full coupled probability distribution of the identified material properties. In addition, it offers the potential to combine properties identified based on substantially different experiments. The full-field measurement is obtained by moiré interferometry. For computational efficiency the Bayesian approach was applied to a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the displacement fields. The analysis showed that the four orthotropic elastic constants are determined with quite different confidence levels as well as with significant correlation. Comparison with manufacturing specifications showed substantial difference in one constant, and this conclusion agreed with earlier measurement of that constant by a traditional four-point bending test. It is possible that the POD approach did not take full advantage of the copious data provided by the full field measurements, and for that reason that data is provided for others to use (as on line material attached to the article)
We report here on the observation of dislocation nucleation and glide in silicon nanoparticles, after phase transformation from diamond cubic to b-tin crystal structure, within the formed b-tin metallic phase region in atomistic simulations of indentation. The simulation results provide an explanation of the super-high hardness of silicon nanoparticles measured in experiments. By comparing the simulation results with experimental measurement of hardness, we are able to evaluate the performance of two widely used interatomic potential functions: Stillinger-Weber and Tersoff potentials. Through simulations, we have found a critical size of silicon nanoparticles where there is a change in deformation mechanisms, strength, and hardness. The effect of the applied strain rate on simulation results is also investigated.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a type of endogenous, noncoding RNA that serve a key role in pathological processes, and have been demonstrated to be involved in the formation and progression of PCa. Previous studies have reported that miR-106b acts as an oncogene; however, the specific effects of miR-106b on PCa have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-106b in the initiation and progression of PCa. In this study, miR-106b was reported to be overexpressed and la-related protein 4B (LARP4B) was downregulated in PCa tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In addition, LARP4B was identified as a target gene of miR-106b by bioinformatics prediction analysis and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate PCa cell viability, and migration and invasive abilities. The data revealed that inhibition of miR-106b significantly suppressed the viability, migration and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-106b significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of cancer-related genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-2, cluster of differentiation 44 and Ki-67, and increased that of the tumor suppressor, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that miR-106b may target LAR4B to inhibit cancer cell viability, migration and invasion, and may be considered as a novel therapeutic target in PCa.
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