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Recently, wearable and breathable healthcare devices for air filtering and real-time vital signs monitoring have become urgently needed since virus and particulate matter (PM) cause serious health issues. Herein, we present a trap-induced dense monocharged hybrid perfluorinated electret nanofibrous membrane (HPFM) for highly efficient ultrafine PM0.3 removal with an efficiency of 99.712% under low pressure drop (38.1 Pa) and high quality factor of 0.154 Pa–1. Furthermore, a recyclable multifunctional healthcare mask is constructed by integrating the HPFM-based nanogenerator, which realizes efficient PM0.3 filtering and wireless real-time human respiration monitoring simultaneously. More importantly, the performance of this mask is still relatively stable even at 100%RH humidity and 92 °C temperature conditions for 48 h, which infers that it can be reused after disinfection. The strategy of fabricating HPFM provides an approach to obtain charge-rich stable electret materials, and the design of multifunctional masks demonstrates their potential application for future personal protection and health monitoring devices.

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In this work, the emission of particulate matter (PM) from combustion of agricultural biomass was investigated in comparison to woody biomass. The mechanism of PM emission was studied by means of mass-based particle size distributions (PSDs), inorganic elemental component analysis and morphology at variant combustion temperatures, and different biomass feedstocks. The mass-based PSDs of PM 10 of cotton stalk, rice husk, and camphor wood exhibit a bimodal distribution, while that of corn stalk exhibits a unimodal distribution. The emission of PM 10 of agricultural biomass is much higher than that of woody biomass, and it is mainly composed of PM 1 , in which Na and K are enriched as alkali metal chloride and sulfide. On the other hand, Mg and Ca are enriched as the main inorganic compounds in PM 1−10 for woody biomass. A higher combustion temperature is favorable for the formation of fine PM particles against a reduction of PM 10 . PM 1 and PM 1−10 formation mechanisms are different for different biomass feedstocks, and their formation pathways are hereby proposed for each biomass resource.

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