A new facile fused tetraphenylethylene–triphenylamine hole transporting material has been developed, which shows obviously higher performance than the non-fused counterpart in perovskite solar cells.

The all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite with superior thermal durability faces challenges of low‐phase stability and high moisture sensitivity. Herein, a nonionic additive of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with multiple amino groups is introduced to form hydrogen bond with I−/Br− ions and coordinate with Pb2+/Cs+ ions simultaneously. The strong interplay between PEI and CsPbI2Br achieves a well‐controlled grain size, reduced defects, and reinforced phase structure of CsPbI2Br film, which boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells to 15.48%. The hydrophobic long alkyl chain of PEI greatly improves the humidity resistance, retaining 81.9% of initial PCE of zjr unsealed device under 20 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 500 h. Remarkably, a PCE of 13.37% is achieved by the device based on CsPbI2Br–PEI film processed under ambient condition (≈22% RH, ≈25 °C).

Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) arrays is an essential task for improving the reliability and safety of a photovoltaic system (PVS). The PVS faults at the DC side are difficult to detect by traditional protective devices, which may reduce power conversion efficiency and even lead to safety matters and fire disaster. This study investigates a newly-designed fault diagnostic method for a PVS according to the following three steps. First, optimal fault features are extracted by analyzing I-V curves from different faults, including hybrid faults of the PVS under the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, the trustregion-reflective (TRR) deterministic algorithm combined with the particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to standardize fault features into the ones under the STC. In addition, a multi-class adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm, which is the stage-wise additive modeling using multi-class exponential (SAMME) loss function based on the classification and regression tree (CART) as the weak classifier, is utilized to establish the fault diagnostic model. The effectiveness of the fault diagnostic model could long-term maintain by periodically updating the feature standardization equations to standardize the fault features into the ones under the STC. Various types of the PV modules are used to validate the generalization of the fault diagnostic method. Both the numerical simulations and experimental results show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed fault diagnostic method. INDEX TERMS Photovoltaic system (PVS), fault diagnosis, I-V curve, trust-region-reflective (TRR), particle swarm optimization (PSO), SAMME-CART.

Crafting spatially controllable charge transfer channels at the nanoscale level remains an enduring challenge in solar-to-chemical conversion technology. Despite the advancements, it still suffers from sluggish interfacial charge transport kinetics and scarcity of strategies to finely modulate charge transport pathways. Herein, this article demonstrates the unexpected charge modulation property of non-conjugated insulating polymer assisted by a universal layer-by-layer self-assembly tactic. Oppositely charged poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and Ti 3 C 2 MXene quantum dots (MQDs) are periodically attached to the wide bandgap metal oxides (WMOs) to design multilayered heterostructured photoanodes. The intermediate PDDA layer acts as an efficacious charge relay medium to access directional electron flow from WMOs to Ti 3 C 2 MQDs, while Ti 3 C 2 MQDs serve as the electron extractor. Charge transfer cascade is thus stimulated on account of the simultaneous electron-trapping capabilities of interim PDDA layer and Ti 3 C 2 MQDs, which synergistically favors the conspicuously boosted charge separation over WMOs, affording the WMOs/(PDDA/MQDs) n photoanodes with considerably enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performances. Moreover, PEC performances of such photoanodes can be tuned by interface configuration via assembly number and sequence. This work will provide an insightful perspective to craft a directional charge transfer pathway through insulating polymer for solar energy conversion.

CO2 reduction to carbon feedstocks using heterogeneous photocatalysis technique has been deemed as an attractive means of addressing both deteriorating greenhouse effect and depletion of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, deficiency of accessible active sites on the catalyst surface, low CO2 adsorption rate, and short carrier lifetime retard the photocatalytic CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, the controllable construction of spatially separated directional charge transport pathways over multilayered heterostructured transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) based photosystems for high‐performance photocatalytic CO2‐to‐syngas conversion are shown. In this scenario, ultrathin non‐conjugated insulating poly(diallyl‐dimethyl‐ammonium chloride) (PDDA) layer are intercalated in‐between TMCs and layered double hydroxide (LDH) and serve as an efficient electron transfer mediator, whilst LDH functions as a hole‐withdrawing regulator, both of which synergistically foster the spatial vectorial charge migration/separation over TMCs, thus endowing the TMCs/PDDA/LDH heterostructures with significantly boosted visible‐light‐driven photoactivity toward CO2 conversion into syngas. This study can inspire sparkling new ideas to realize fine tuning of charge motion for stimulating solar‐to‐fuel conversion.

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have recently emerged as a pivotal sector of metal nanomaterials due to unique atomic stacking mode, quantum confinement effect and abundant catalytically active sites. In...

We demonstrate self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient electron extraction contact for n-i-p structured perovskite solar cells.

, "Robust fuzzy control of an active magnetic bearing subject to voltage saturation," IEEE transactions on control systems technology : a publication of the IEEE Control Systems Technology, 18 (1), pp. 164-169, 2010. Robust fuzzy control of an active magnetic bearing subject to voltage saturation AbstractBased on a recently proposed model for the active-magnetic-bearing (AMB) switching mode of operation, this paper presents a robust Takagi-Sugeno-model-based fuzzy-control strategy to stabilize the AMB with fast response speed subject to control-voltage saturation and parameter uncertainties. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations against the proposed AMB model and a high-fidelity AMB model are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.