Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient and low-cost electron extraction layer for n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Li, Lingchang; Wu, Yongzhen; Li, Erpeng; Shen, Chao; Zhang, Hao; Xu, Xiaojia; Gao, Wei; Zhu, Weihong

doi:10.1039/c9cc06345e

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To avoid this problem, the integration of SAMs in planar devices constitutes an effective strategy. [38,84,99] In 2014, Wojciechowski et al modified for the first time compact TiO 2 surfaces with C 60 -SAM in heterojunction PSCs, and investigated the physical process at the ETL/Perovskite interface. [100] They observed an improved charge flow between perovskite and TiO 2, which boosted the device efficiency from 12.7% to 17.3%, Table 2.…”

Section: Sams For Planar Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability

Ali

Roldán‐Carmona

Sohail

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

149

137

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the majority of the market shares as compared to next-generation thin-film PV technologies. Nevertheless, technological challenges in improving efficiencies and decreasing the high-energy requirements connected to the fabrication of silicon PV results in a higher global warming potential. In an effort to achieve lower fabrication cost and higher efficiencies, different types of thin-film PV technologies have been developed including dyesensitized solar cells, [2,3] organic solar cells, [4,5] copper indium tin sulfur [6,7] and emerging organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [8,9] The combined merits of low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are distinct features of PSCs where PCE has jumped from 3.8% [8] to 25.2% [10] in just a decade. Such a sharp increase in PCE is mainly attributed to the large absorption coefficient, [11] long carrier lifetime, [12] high trap resistance, [13] high dielectric constant, [14-16] low binding energy, [17] and tunable bandgap of 1.2−1.7 eV, [18] all combined in a single perovskite material. 1.1. Perovskite Solar Cell Device Structures A typical perovskite solar cell consists of a light-absorbing perovskite layer which is sandwiched between an electron transport layer (ETL) and a hole transport layers (HTL). To complete the device, ETL is supported on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) front electrode, and HTL on metal-coated back contact electrode, Figure 1. There are two basic structures for the PSC: the so-called mesoporous structure, which contains a mesoporous ETL layer (i.e., mesoporous TiO 2), and the planar structure, as depicted in Figure 1a,b. Even though early reports based on mesoporous devices assumed that the perovskite infiltration through the mesoporous scaffold improved the charge carrier collection to the electrode, later investigations performed by Lee and co-workers replaced the TiO 2 with an insulating Al 2 O 3 mesoporous layer, and reported for the first time the ambipolar nature of the perovskite materials, allowing the realization of longer diffusion length. [19] This enabled the fabrication of planar devices, and gave rise to an impressive evolution of device architectures, novel materials and cell configurations either in n-i-p or p-in designs. [12,19,20] In addition, Due to a certified 25.2% high efficiency, low cost, and easy fabrication; perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the focus of interest among the nextgeneration photovoltaic technologies. Long-term stability is one of the most challenging obstacles to bring technology from the lab to the market. In this review, applications of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs is discussed. In the first part, the introduction of SAMs, and deposition techniques applied to different PSC architectures are described. In the middle section, current efforts to utilize SAMs to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties to enhance the PCE and stability are detailed. The improvements in surface morphology, energ...

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Section: Sams For Planar Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability

Ali

Roldán‐Carmona

Sohail

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

149

137

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“…Based on these materials, ultrathin organic ETLs can be facilely fabricated via an anchoring assembly route. [ 28 ] An alkyl chain‐based PDI compound (PDI ‐ AK) is also designed as a control to reveal the importance of anchoring groups. The carboxylic acid groups are expected to not only chemically bond onto the surface of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to enhance the fastness of the organic ETL, but also provide a hydrophilic contact to facilitate the perovskite thin‐film deposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NDI ‐ P was synthesized according to our previous work, and the PDI derivatives were synthesized by similar amidation reactions. [ 28 ] Three kinds of amino acids, i.e., β‐aminopropionic acid, L‐2‐aminopropionic acid, and L‐aspartic as well as sec‐butylamine, were used to react with perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride, affording PDI ‐ P, PDI ‐ LP, PDI ‐ LAS, and PDI ‐ AK, respectively. The synthetic routes are shown in Scheme S1, Supporting Information, and the detailed synthesis description and molecular structure characterizations can be found in Supporting Information (Figure S1–9, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NDI ‐ P‐based PSCs show a moderate PCE of ≈15%, which is consistent with our previous results. [ 28 ] Remarkably, the PSCs based on PDI ETLs exhibit enhanced short‐circuit current density ( J SC ) and open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ), thus yielding higher champion PCEs of 17.83% and 18.77% for PDI ‐ LP‐ and PDI ‐ LAS‐based devices, respectively. The improved V OC and J SC can be attributed to the decrease of the electron transport barrier as their LUMO energy levels are aligned well with the CB edge of perovskite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we proposed a strategy of anchoring involved assembly to construct robust and ultrathin molecular charge‐transporting layers for PSCs. [ 27–29 ] It addresses the earlier mentioned two issues simultaneously and enables a low‐cost and scalable fabrication route. Nevertheless, it is essential to advance the performance of organic ETLs‐based PSCs via further molecular engineering on the charge‐transporting units as well as the anchoring chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anchorable Perylene Diimides as Chemically Inert Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with High Reproducibility

Zhang

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

Self Cite

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Oxide semiconductors like TiO2 and SnO2 are exclusively used to construct electron transport layer (ETL) in n–i–p‐structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite high electron mobility and suitable energy levels, their complicated surface chemistry is detrimental to the interfacial stability as well as fabrication reproducibility. Alternatively, organic n‐type semiconductors address these issues due to their defined molecular structures. Herein, the novel use of anchorable perylene diimides (PDI) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) as chemically inert ETLs is proposed to improve the stability and reproducibility of n–i–p‐structured PSCs. Compared with NDI, the PDI analogues show more suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (−4.1 vs. −3.8 eV) for matching the conduction band edge of metal halide perovskites, thus favoring the interfacial electron collection. The anchoring chains decorated on PDI entity are found to affect not only the solution processability of ETLs, but also the crystal quality of perovskites. More importantly, the interfacial perovskite decomposition is suppressed in such organic ETLs‐based PSCs. These merits of the anchorable PDI‐based ETLs enable ≈19% efficiency devices with excellent reproducibility and long‐term stability, which outperform traditional TiO2‐based n–i–p PSCs.

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Quinoxaline‐Based X‐Shaped Sensitizers as Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Tin Perovskite Solar cells

Afraj

Kuan

Lin

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Four X-shaped quinoxaline-based organic dyes, PQx (1), TQx, (2), PQxD (3), and TQxD (4) (D = dye sensitizers) are developed and served as p-type selfassemble monolayer (SAM) for tin perovskite solar cells (TPSC). Thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of these SAMs are thoroughly investigated and characterized. Tin perovskite layers are successfully deposited on these four SAM surfaces according to a two-step approach and the devices exhibit power conversion efficiency in the order of TQxD (8.3%) > TQx (8.0%) > PQxD (7.1%) > PQx (6.1%). With thiophene π-extended conjugation unit in SAM structure, TQxD (4) exhibits the highest hole extraction rates, greatest hole mobilities, and slowest charge recombination to achieve great device performance of 8.3%, which is the current best result for SAM-based TPSC ever reported. Furthermore, all devices except PQx shows great enduring stability for the performance retaining ≈90% of their original values for shelf storage over 1600 h.

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Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient and low-cost electron extraction layer for n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Abstract: We demonstrate self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient electron extraction contact for n-i-p structured perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability

Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability

Anchorable Perylene Diimides as Chemically Inert Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with High Reproducibility

Quinoxaline‐Based X‐Shaped Sensitizers as Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Tin Perovskite Solar cells

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