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Many intelligent transportation system applications require accurate, reliable, and continuous vehicle position information whether in open-sky environments or in Global Positioning System (GPS) denied environments. However, there remains a challenging task for land vehicles to achieve such positioning performance using low-cost sensors, especially microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors. In this paper, a novel and cost-effective fusion methodology to bridge GPS outages is proposed and applied in the Inertial Navigation System (INS)/GPS/ compass integrated positioning system. In the implementation of the proposed methodology, a key data preprocessing algorithm is first developed to eliminate the noise in inertial sensors in order to provide more accurate information for subsequent modeling. Then, a novel hybrid strategy incorporating the designed autoregressive model (AR model)-based forward estimator (ARFE) with Kalman filter (KF) is presented to predict the INS position errors during GPS outages. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology, real road tests with various scenarios were performed. The proposed methodology illustrates significant improvement in positioning accuracy during GPS outages.

With regards to the common features of carrier-mediated transport, voltage dependence was studied, using an asymmetric, six-state model. Our study shows that for an ion exchanger, transporting one kind of ion via exchange with another kind, the ion flux as a function of the membrane potential shows a sigmoidal curve with a shallow slope, saturation behavior, and possibly a negative slope. These features are mainly due to the transport of ions with charges of the same sign in the opposite direction. Membrane potential depolarization can facilitate only one transport and hinder another. As a result, the ion flux cannot increase dramatically and has an upper limitation because the exchanging rate depends on competition of the two inversely voltage-dependent transport processes. In contrast, for unidirectional ion transporters, the ion flux will monotonically increase as a function of the membrane potential. Both the maximum ion flux and the voltage sensitivity are much higher than those of the ion exchanger.

Metropolitan development has motivated car sharing into an attractive type of car leasing with the help of information technologies. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on deep learning techniques to assess the operation of a station-based car sharing system. First, we analyse the pick-up and drop-off operations of the station-based car sharing system, capturing the operational features of car sharing service and the behaviours of vehicle use from a temporal perspective. Then, we introduced an analytical system to detect the system operation concerning the spontaneous deviations derived from user demands from service provisions. We employed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structure to forecast short-term future vehicle uses. An experimental case based on real-world data is reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The results prove that the proposed structure generates high-quality predictions and the operation status derived from user demands.

Abstract. This paper puts forward SmartOSEK, a dependable platform for automobile electronics, which consists of an operating system compliant with OSEK/VDX specifications and an integrated development environment (IDE) that consists of many convenient tools, such as visual designer, system generator, time analyst, scheduling analyst, and running tracer. In the operating system, SmartOSEK OS and SmartOSEK COM are presented. In the IDE, we apply the graphic design, automatic code generation and time analysis to help developers devote their mind to the modeling of the applications. A design example of automated transmission system based on SmartOSEK platform is given, and good results are achieved.

In order to satisfy the communication requirements, a low profile + 45 • / −45 • dual-polarized base station antenna with a spacing of only 23 mm between the reflector and radiating surface is proposed. Different from the more common base station antenna units, the four folded dipoles are arranged in the same plane to form an octagon. When a single polarization is excited, the four folded dipoles are excited as a whole. Furthermore, two meandering L-shaped feeding lines are used to achieve a larger impedance bandwidth. Ultimately, this antenna has a relatively wide impedance bandwidth of 44.5% from 1710 to 2690 MHZ. The use of a reflector contributes to the formation of a stable radiation pattern, and aids in the realization of high cross polarization discrimination (XPD) available in the whole working frequency band. The antenna geometry description and operation principle are elaborated and several important parameters are also studied. The fabricated antenna array consists of 2 × 12 elements and the measurement results obtained demonstrate that the array meets the requirements in all bands of the DCS1800, PCS, 3G, and traditional WiMAX for modern communication on the eve of the 5G.INDEX TERMS Base station antenna, dual-polarization, folded dipole, antenna array.

In previous work, ZnO nanorods and nanoflowers were synthesized on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates by hydrothermal growth at low temperature ,using the different concentrations of equimolar (1:1) zinc nitrate Zn (NO3)26H2O and methenamine (C6H12N4) mixed as precursors solution, and adding ammonia solution to control the pH levels. In this paper, for comparison, the same experiment without ammonia solution was also discussed. SEM, XRD were utilized to characterize morphologies and crystal structures of ZnO. It was indicated that the pH of precursor solution leads to the significantly changes in the nanostructured ZnO. Besides, a hierarchical structure of some of the micro/nanotubes was obtained .The possible growth mechanism is discussed in this work.