Background Poor family and social support is a problem for patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), but it protects them against the negative consequences of stress, reducing morbidity and mortality among peoples living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV). Objective This study aimed to assess family and social support and the associated factors among patients on antiretroviral therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 329 respondents attending antiretroviral therapy (ARV) clinics in West Wollega Public Hospitals from September 1–30, 2020. Data were collected by simple random sampling methods using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. The strength and presence of statistical association were assessed using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results About 266 (66.4%) of the respondents had low family and social support. Being female sex [AOR (95% CI)=0.066 (0.013–0.338)], failing to discuss with family or society [AOR (95% CI)=0.275 (0.100–0.753)], lack of information on support [AOR (95% CI)=0.314 (0.104–0.951)], and non-disclosure of HIV status to family [AOR (95% CI)=0.227 (0.084–0.916)] were associated with family and social support. Conclusion In this study, family and social support to people living with HIV/AIDS is low. Being female sex, feelings of negative treatment, lack of discussion on support, lack of information about support, and failure to disclose HIV status were associated with low family and social support. Information, education, and communication should be intensified to increase the awareness of the community, family, and people living with HIV related to support for people living with HIV.
Objective: Aim of the study was to assess the clinical outcome and associated factors of respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Adama Hospital and Medical College. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 242 randomly selected medical records of preterm neonates admitted to Adama comprehensive specialized hospital. Clinical outcome was categorized as poor if the neonate died or left against advice and good if discharged after improvement. Data were coded, entered into Epidata v.7.4.2 and exported to SPSS v.27 for analysis. After initial bi-variable logistic regression analysis, predictor variables with p-value of <0.2 were included in multivariable analysis. Significant association of factors with clinical outcome was claimed at p-value <0.05 and calculated 95% adjusted odds ratio. Results: Majority of admissions were male (63.2%), mean birth weight of 1440.3 g (+321.2 SD) and sepsis (82%), hypothermia (73%), and apnea (21.5%) were leading comorbidities. One hundred fifty-two (62.8%) of preterm neonates had poor outcomes. Neonates born singleton were 47% less likely to develop poor clinical outcomes (adjusted odds ratio 0.53 (0.48–0.94). The odds of poor clinical outcomes were higher during the first 3 days of admission (adjusted odds ratio 3.83 (3.28–14.77). Extremely preterm neonates (adjusted odds ratio 4.16 (4.01–12.97), extremely low birth weight preterm neonates had higher odds of poor clinical outcome. Conclusion: The study found higher poor clinical outcome among preterm neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome. Poor outcome was higher in lower gestational age, lower birth weight, twins and majority of it happened during 3 days of their life. Effective preventive care and initiation of low-cost, life-saving interventions including heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula and surfactant administration could significantly improve the clinical outcome of the neonates.
Ethiopia, this proven strategy is being implemented in selected districts of the regions but there are no sufficient evidences to decision-makers for improvement interventions. Cross-sectional study was conducted by including all functional health posts and HEWs from four randomly selected districts. Pre-tested structured questionnaires and observation checklist were used to collect data. Data was entered into Epi data version.3.1 and transported to SPSS v.21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants. 60 (60.6%) of the Health post were in good implementation category. 24 (15.3%) had only one HEW each, 26.8% had recommended three HEWs and 16 (16.2%) had no. HEWs mentored quarterly had three times better implementation (AOR) 3.14, 95% CI [1.65-6.52]). The services were less likely implemented in kebelles lacking any CHAs (AOR 0.47, 95% CI [0.19-0.83]). Health posts which were serving community for greater than eight hours per day had five times better implementation (AOR 5.33, 95% CI [2.58-9.33]). The study revealed that there is still a long way to go for better implementation of the program. Improving the program implementation needs a coordinated effort of all stakeholders at different levels. Nationally, preparing a system-wide approach towards resolving multifaceted challenges facing the programs will help attain the sectorial mission of reducing child mortality.
Background The recent advancement of internet-enabled technologies has significantly changed the way youth’s encounter and consume sexually explicit materials. Exposure to sexually explicit materials leads youths to risky sexual behavior that contributes for sexually transmitted disease including, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to sexually explicit materials and associated factors among secondary school students of Nekemte town, December 2020. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 students from December 1–15/2020.Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique and self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 4.6.0.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Variables with P < 0.25 in Bivariate analysis were selected and further analyzed by multivariable analysis. Statistical significance at multivariable logistic regression was declared at a p < 0.05 using AOR and 95% CI. Result -The overall prevalence of sexually explicit material among students was 349(58.0%) out of these exposed participants 188(53.9%) were practiced the sexual act they have seen. The main source for these materials was Smart phone 157(44.7%).Being male[AOR 1.94; 95% CI,1.15–3.26),having uneducated father [6.65; 95% CI.2.89–15.27), having pornography in personal mobile phone [3.05;95%CI,1.74–5.34),being unaware not to watch pornography [5.57;95% CI2.58-12.97] being sexual active[3.578;95%,2.06–6.21] showed significant association with outcome variable.
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